捷運地下車站火災煙流分析與人流測試(2/2)

Abstract

This is a two-year project, in which two parts of research had been implemented and the results are reported in the following, in which the text are divided into two portions. Part 1: SMOKE CONTROL IN FIRES OF TAIPEI TRTS SUBWAY STATION We investigate the effectiveness of the smoke control scheme of Gong-Guan Subway Station, a typical subway station of Taipei Rapid Transit System and whose mechanical control systems are also standard in modern subway station design. The three-dimensional smoke flow fields under various kinds of fires are computed by the computational-fluid-dynamic technique and results are illustrated on various cross sectional planes. Results indicate that, the stack effect plays a deterministic role on smoke control when fire occurs near the stairwell; under such a circumstance, no mechanical smoke control is necessary. When fire occurs in other places, such as at the end or the center of platform, the current mechanical control schemes of GGSS are effective; namely, the smoke can be well controlled, either is confined to a small region or is evacuated out of the station, leaving the four exits free of smoke so that the passengers can escape through them. The effect of the platform edge door (PED) on the smoke control is also investigated. With PED, the effectiveness of the present smoke-control system for fires occurring on the chassis of train, a serious fire in the subway station, increases. We also propose an innovative smoke-control scheme with PED, which turns out to be much more efficient in evacuating the smoke than used currently. Present study provides both valuable information to the design of the passenger evacuation routes in fires as well as criteria to the design of smoke control system of subway stations. PART II: THE EVALUATION RESEARCH OF EVACUATION SAFETY IN TAIPEI TRTS UNDERGROUND STATION This part of research utilized the buildingEXODUS for the simulation of evacuation in Hsing-Dein subway station (HDSS), a typical underground MRT station of Taipei Rapid Transit System (TRTS). Through this model, the inappropriate or unreasonable evacuation routes for occupants were illustrated, and Exit Potential and Exit Attractiveness for occupants could also be adjusted. Through the optional panel, the user has complete control over the distribution used to represent the Occupant attributes, which have great influence in evacuation process. Simultaneously, the packed or staggered behavior on staircases could be revised and he/she could get better simulation results, which are closer to the real evacuation scenarios than those obtained from computation.