以土地生產力為基礎之對地補貼政策對我國稻米產業之影響

Abstract

我國加入WTO 後，稻米產業目前所採 行之保價收購制度勢必違反規定，因此需 另行制訂一給付制度，以保障農民之所得 能維持在原先有保價收購制度下之所得水 準。 本文以訊息經濟學中之principal-agent 理論，探討在農政單位與農民之間訊息不 對稱下，農政單位如何制訂以土地生產力 為基礎之對地直接給付措施，以符合WTO 之規範，並藉以鑑定國內農民之生產力， 使高生產力稻農戶留農，低生產力稻農戶 離農，進而達成農業結構調整之目標。 本文以一因子變異數分析來探討大等 則區分法在實證上之可行性，結果顯示大 等則區分法在理論上可行，存在次佳解 (The second-best contract)，其中，唯有高生 產力之農民，其產出水準可達完全訊息下 之產出水，至於中低生產力之農民之產出 水準則皆小於完全訊息下之產出水準。但 大等則區分法在執行上由於無法區分農民 之生產力，這將對於政府補貼契約之制訂 造成困難。 因此，本研究根據經濟理論提出修正 方案，即以稻農生產力之顯示性偏好作為 修正方法，透過契約之制訂，以及農民有 自由選擇契約之假設，來區分生產力不同 之農民，並據此作為政府契約制訂之依 據。

Our government has employed the price support program to the domestic rice industry for more than two decades. After twenty-year policy enforcement, we have the surplus and budget deficit problems. Furthermore, the price support program is also listed in the improper policy scheme of WTO. Due to the reasons stated above, the government are planing to apply the direct payment scheme in the rice industry in the future. Currently, most articles related to the direct payment policies are still on the stage of literature reviews. The purpose of this research is to find a direct payment scheme that is both theoretical and empirical feasible on Taiwanese rice industry. The principal– agent theory and the method of analysis of variances are applied in this study to examine the feasibility of the direct payment based on land grades. The results show that this policy scheme is unable to distinguish the types of farmers, therefore, it is not feasible. A revised policy scheme is proposed in this research . to fulfill the goal of structure change of the rice industry in Taiwan.