室內人工飼養蜜蜂幼蟲的研究

Abstract

本研究採用的高產、正常及低產三種 生產方式之蜂王乳(royal jelly)，經化學分 析發現三種產量之蜂王乳，其六種基本化 學組成分並無顯著差異。水分67.3%∼ 69.2%；灰份1.05%∼1.10%；醣類8.2% ∼13%；粗脂肪4.2%∼5.5%；粗蛋白 18.4%∼20.1%；癸烯酸1.12%∼1.36%。 今以蜂王乳、葡萄醣(glucose) 、果醣 (fructose)、酵母抽出物(yeast extract)及二 次蒸餾水(double-distilled water)，調配成 人工飼養幼蟲的基本食物(BLD)。將上述 三種蜂王乳分別調製成BLD，並飼養孵 化12∼24 小時之雌性幼蟲，所得之成蜂 羽化率皆可維持在73.3%∼80%之間；因 此，此三種生產方式之蜂王乳對幼蟲之生 長並無影響。再以不同調配之BLD 飼養 孵化12 至24 小時之雄蜂幼蟲，其成蜂羽 化率只有18%，且有多數個體羽化不完全 之情形。將BLD 中的醣類及酵母抽出物 比例修改，藉以探討食物因子對幼蟲生長 分化之影響，其中發現修改後之BLD， 醣類及酵母抽出物比例過高或過低均對 幼蟲生長有不利之影響。另外，雌蟲整個 幼蟲期以蜂王乳餵飼，則並無成蜂羽化。 今以蜂王乳餵飼雌性及雄性前三日齡之 幼蟲，之後改餵飼BLD 直至化蛹，則羽 化雌性成蟲中，蜂后個體之比例顯著提 高，而雄蜂羽化率可達65%。

The royal jelly adopted in this research is high-produced, normal and low-produced. The six basic components of those royal jellys are very similar through the chemolysis: moisture content 67.3%~69.2%; ash1.05%~1.10%; carbohydrate 8.2%~13%; crude fat 4.2% ~ 5.5%; crude protein 18.4% ~20.1%; 10-HDA （ 10 hydroxy- δ -2- decenoic acid ） 1.12% ~ 1.36%.Take each royal jelly compound three different BLD with glucose, fructose, yeast extract and double distilled water. Breeding female larvae 12~24 hours with each BLD, the percent survival to adult stages could maintain between 73.3%~80%; therefore, these three BLD do not effect the growth of larvae. However, when breeding male larvae with each BLD, percent survival to adult stages is only 18%, and number of the survival adult are emerged incompletely. Change the proportion of carbohydrate and yeast extract in BLD to explore the effect of food component on the growth of larvae, high or low proportion of carbohydrate and yeast extract could make the larvae emerge incompletely. If we feed the female larvae with royal jelly all through the larva stage, no adult can survive. However, feed male and female larvae with royal jelly in the first three days, the day after feed them with only BLD until pupating, we have higher proportion of queen adult and the drone percent survival to adult stages could reach 65%.