Investigation on the antioxidation activities of the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed and sesame meal and the effects on prolonging the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans
Date Issued
2007
Date
2007
Author(s)
Ho, Ya-Lan
DOI
zh-TW
Abstract
Aging is an inherently complex process that is manifested within an organism at molecular, cellular, organ, and system levels. There are many theories that have been put forward to explain the process of aging, and one mechanism involving free radical damage seems to emerge in a quite consensual manner. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by a variety of processes, can cause extensive oxidative damages, which would be responsible for age-associated loss of functional capacity. Dietary interventions with antioxidants seem to demonstrate some potential benefits on the average life expectancy, probably by reducing the onset of age-related diseases. In the previous study conducted in our laboratory, using “inhibition of aggregated Aβ-induced PC-12 cell death” as the model for Alzheimer’s disease, has shown that embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed and defatted Sesamum indicum L. have good anti-Alzheimer’s disease capacity. Since both aging and neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer’s disease are associated with in vivo oxidative damage, we are therefore interested in investigating the in vitro antioxidation and in vivo anti-aging effects of embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed and defatted Sesamum indicum L.
The crude extracts from different solvents were prepared by extracting these two raw materials with boiling water and four solvents (95% ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) at room temperature. Then the different solvent extracts of embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed and defatted Sesamum indicum L. were tested for two antioxidative assays, including DPPH free radical scavenging effect and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. They were also examined for anti-aging activity using the “prolongation of C. elegans lifespan” as the model, and EUK-8 as the positive control. The results of antioxidant assays revealed that the best effects was exhibited by the 95% ethanol extract of the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed, followed by its water, acetone, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract. The EC50 value of embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed 95% ethanol extract in scavenging DPPH free radicals was 47.32±1.20 μg/mL, while its TEAC value was 0.31 mM Trolox equivalent. The EC50 of the positive control (α-tocopherol) is 8.40±0.13 μg/mL for DPPH scavenging ability and ascorbic acid for TEAC assay (TEAC value was 1.16 mM Trolox equivalent). Different solvents extracts of the defatted Sesamum indicum L. did not show good antioxidant activity from both antioxidant assays. Results of anti-aging model experiment showed that treatment of worms with embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed 95% ethanol extract had the best effect on extension the lifespan of C. elegans. Treatment of worms with 1000 μg/mL embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed 95% ethanol extract resulted in an increase in mean lifespan of 25.8% (p＜ 0.001) and also extended maximum lifespan (35 days) and 80% death time (28.2 days). The effect was similar to that of 100 μM (35.5 μg/mL) EUK-8 which can increase mean lifespan by 24.1% (p＜0.001) and can also extend maximum lifespan (35 days) and 80% death time (27.0 days).
After liquid-liquid partition of the 95% ethanol extract of the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed with n-hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and water consecutively, the water fraction showed the best antioxidant activity. The EC50 value of the water fraction in scavenging DPPH free radical was 25.17±0.19 μg/mL, and the result of TEAC assay (0.41 mM Trolox equivalent) was also the highest. Among the four fractions, water fraction of the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed 95% ethanol extract had the best effect on the lifespan of C. elegans. Treatment of worms with 100 μg/mL water fraction increased their mean (16.3% (p=0.0036)) and maximum (17.2%) lifespan in addition to 80% death time (12.5%). Extension of the lifespan of C. elegans also exhibited dose response was observed. The effect of 100 μg/mL water fraction had similar effect as the 25 μM (8.9 μg/mL) EUK-8 which increased mean lifespan by 16.3% (p=0.0044) and also extended maximum lifespan (13.8%) and 80% death time (14.3%).
This study showed that the water fractions of the 95% ethanol extract of the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed contained components with antioxidant activity and could also prolong the lifespan of C. elegans. It thus has good potential to be developed as a functional food for anti-aging.
Subjects
老化
抗氧化活性
線蟲
芝麻粕
蓮子心
aging
antioxidative activity
C. elegans
defatted Sesamum indicum L
embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. seed
SDGs
Type
thesis
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