The hepatoprotective effect of ginger essential oil against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice via anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and lipid reducing activities
Date Issued
2014
Date
2014
Author(s)
Lee, Wan-Ching
Abstract
According to the survey of Taiwan liver research foundation, fatty liver is a common liver disease in Taiwan. Consequently, fatty liver disease has become an increasingly serious public health problem. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a wide spectrum of liver pathology ranging from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition, NAFLD exhibit an important relationship with obesity, hyperlipidemia and type II diabetes mellitus. Previously, researches proposed a two-hit theory to explain the progression of NAFLD. The first hit constitutes the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocyte due to abnormal lipid metabolism. The second hit promote oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and fibrosis. In decades, some specific nutrients or phytochemicals have been demonstrated that provide potential hepatoprotective effects. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a rhizome plant containing pungent flavor and has been used widely in various foods, beverages, and traditional Chinese medicine. Ginger essential oil (GEO) was obtained by steam distillation of the rhizome of Z. officinale. GEO has been exhibited several biological benefits including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and lipid reducing effects. The hypothesis of this study was improved NASH through anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and lipid regulation of GEO. Therefore, this study was investigated the hepatoprotective effects of GEO and its active compound in high fat diet-induced NASH mice. In our results, it showed GEO and GEO pure substance – citral can decrease enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipids and insulin in serum. In addition, GEO and citral reduce body weight, adipose tissue weight, triglycerides and cholesterol level in liver from mice which are induced NASH for 12 weeks. Moreover, the liver biopsy results show the samples can be given to reduce the phenomenon of lipid accumulation in mouse liver cell. Furthermore, GEO and citral can enhance the antioxidant capacities and reduce inflammation response in mouse liver; Further assessment by western blotting associated with lipid metabolism in mouse liver, GEO and citral can inhibit the protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) significantly, which make to reduce the biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. Additionally, they may also decrease the enzyme activities of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) induced by metabolism of excessive free fatty acid, and reducing the oxidative stress by ROS. Based on the above results can be speculated, GEO and citral may exhibit the hepatoprotective effects on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by high-fat diet in mice, and the mechanism are including the reduction of lipid biosynthesis in liver, the elevation of hepatic anti-oxidative capacities and decrease of inflammation response.
Subjects
薑
薑精油
非酒精性脂肪肝炎
脂肪肝
高脂飼料
SDGs
Type
thesis
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