影響國際企業技術移轉之關鍵因素

Abstract

在知識經濟的時代中，知識、技術的移轉已變成企業獲取競爭優勢的方式， 企業如何獲取技術移轉的內涵，以創造其獨特的競爭優勢，以往的學者採用不同 的方法分析技術移轉的因素，如：技術取得策略（司徒達賢、賴士葆、洪鉛財， 民83 ；蔡明田，民89 ；Danila ，1989 ；Ford ，1988 ）、技術引進績效（林明杰， 民81 ；毛倩文，1991 ）等，通常以技術引進、技術接受者的角度分析。 本研究則以技術移轉者與技術接受者雙方互動模式及互創雙贏目的，探討影 響雙方能有效進行技術移轉的因素。研究中分別從工研院、資策會（技術移轉者） 及高科技產業、傳統性產業、銀行業（技術接受者）為研究對象，從技術移轉者 及技術接受者兩方探討影響技術移轉的因素。 研究之重要結論包括：（1 ）技術移轉因為會因產業別的不同而有不同的影 響因素；（2 ）技術移轉者及技術接受者雙方的特性：雙方本身技術成熟度愈高， 則技術移轉較易成功；（3 ）技術特性：風險程度，風險大則技術移轉愈不易成 功；（4 ）雙方高階主管對推動技術移轉的支持度：支持度愈高，則技術移轉執 行愈順利。

In the knowledge-based economic society, knowledge and technology transfer has become a method of gaining competitive advantages over the other companies. Owing to the complexity and the implicit nature of know how, most of the past researches about technology transfer had been focused only on the aspect of technology providers. Different scholars also adapted different approaches to analyze the factors which influencing the process of technology transfer, such as strategy for getting skill （司徒達賢、賴士葆、洪鉛 財，民83 ；蔡明田，民89 ；Danila ，1989 ；Ford ，1988 ）, and evaluation of the performance of technology transfer, etc.（林明杰，民81 ；毛倩文，1991 ） This study is based on the concept of dynamic interaction between technology providers and the recipient, and assumes that the both parties wanted to create a win-win situation. The research adopted the intensive focused interview method, and tried to explore the factors influencing the effectiveness of technology transfer. The research samples included the major technology providers: ITRI （Industrial Technology Research Institute ） and III （Institute of Information Industry ）; and the recipients were sampled from four different industries: high-technology manufacturing industry, software industry, traditional manufacturing industry, and banking industries. The research find that:（1 ）the factors influencing the technology transfer will be different for different industries;（2 ）the more competent of the both parties in the technology aspect, the more likely the technology transfer will be successful;（3 ）the characteristics of transferred technology: higher risk of the technology development will influence the success of the technology transfer; （4 ）the support from the top management team: the more support from the top management team, the more likely of success of the technology transfer.