建構台灣縣市經濟競爭力評比指標

Abstract

隨著全球化的發展，地方經濟的角色愈加重要。區域競爭力的概念，不論在已開發或是開發中國家，逐漸成為國內外學者與地方政府關注的焦點。 本研究以國家競爭力、區域競爭力與產業競爭力之關聯為理論基礎，並參考國內外都市與縣市競爭力相關文獻，建立涵蓋「產出衡量」、「創新衡量」與「一般企業經營衡量」等三大構面之指標衡量體系。 此外本研究亦蒐集台灣23縣市自民國91年至93年相關之46項細項指標，逐一與平均每戶可支配所得進行解釋能力測試與相關係數分析，最後過濾篩選出較為妥適的12項指標，並提出4項國內尚無相關統計數據之新指標，建立由三大構面以及16項細項指標所組成，同時符合時代潮流與我國區域發展概況之縣市競爭力評比指標系統。 在研究中發現下列情形：1. 許多指標間具有極高之相關性，因而選取過多的細項指標未必擁有較高之解釋能力。2.目前國內官方所作之縣市統計數據，有若干指標已不符合時代之需求，無法解釋縣市競爭力之差異。3.許多創新能力相關之指標，目前尚無以縣市為基礎之統計資料。4. 高科技產業發展對我國縣市經濟表現影響較其他產業來的大。5. 勞動人口之素質對縣市競爭力之影響遠較數量來的重要。

Duo to the progress of globalization, regional economy becomes more important. No matter in developing or developed countries, the concept of regional competitiveness gradually attracts governments and scholars’ attention.

The study is mainly based on the theory and reference of national, regional and industrial competitiveness, like the WEF Global Competitiveness Report and IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook. It also compared and reviewed some reference material about regional competitiveness, especially the Clusters of Innovation Initiative. Through reviewing the relative theories and trends, this research built a regional competitiveness measure system which includes three major dimensions: “output measures”, “innovator measures” and “common business environment measures”.

In order to create subindicators of these three major dimensions, this study collected the statistical data of forty-six subindicators on Taiwan twenty-three counties during 2002 to 2004. Then, regressed the forty-six subindicators with disposable income and analyzed the correlation between them. Finally chose the best suitable twelve subindicators from them and created four new subindicators to construct the evaluation system of county economic competitiveness.

Base on the analysis, the result shows that (1) It is not always better to put more indicators to the evaluation system. Because of high correlation between indicators may diminish the accuracy of evaluation system. (2) Some indicators prepared by the official have lost the ability to identify the difference among the counties. On the contrary, there is still no official data about some crucial measures, especially related to innovation. (3) Compare to traditional industries, High tech industries have greater influence to regional economy. (4) On economic side, the quality of human resource is far more important to the quantity of human resource