2014-05-012024-05-14https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/660692摘要:我國法官法自民國100年7月6日公布生效起後,因為缺乏「職務法庭」關於法官法第19條之裁判先例,所以僅能借助以往繫屬於公務員懲戒委員會、公務人員保障暨培訓委員會、各級行政法院之裁判等相關案例以資佐證。然而這些案例卻僅能作為間接的參考,要直接適用仍有可能發生疑慮。從而繼受德國法官法(Richtergesetz)的26條第1項條文的我國法官法第19條規定,即有參酌德國實務及理論,對於下列問題,加以研究釐清。 (一) 職務監督行為之性質為何?是行政懲處?行政懲戒?單純不利法官之處置?職務監督不得影響審判獨立之理論依據為何? (二) 職務監督行為是否包含法官法以外,其他依法監督之作用在內? (三) 撤銷職務監督之訴:被告是否為各級法院院長或法院本身? (四) 庭長並非法官法第20條之監督權人,但行使法院組織法之權限。其監督所屬法官時,受職務監督者如何尋求救濟?又職務監督訴訟之當事人適格為何? (五) 審判獨立所保障法官職權行使之核心範圍為何? (六) 保障法官獨立審判是否僅止於其裁判宣示前? (七) 哪些職務監督行為確實足以影響審判獨立?可否加以類型化並預為規範?職務評定是否為職務監督行為?其在如何之範圍內不會影響審判獨立?(例如可否評斷法官裁判之優劣?) (八) 審判核心事項範圍內者─例如:羈押裁判、法律見解、評議、量刑及訴訟指揮、心證形成等─是否即絕對不能為職務監督?德國通說認為職務監督不得侵害審判獨立之「核心領域」,僅得就「外部秩序」加以監督;然德國實務有時卻又不採取這樣子的判準,而去實質論究職務監督是否侵犯審判獨立。此是否與區分「核心領域」與「外部秩序」有發生不一致之處? (九) 非審判核心之外部秩序維護所為之職務監督(例如:催促逾審判期限之案件或怠為裁定者),該職務監督之態樣除受到法律保留限制外,是否仍受到比例原則之限制? (十) 職務監督與法官評鑑之區別為何?或法官評鑑亦為職務監督之一環? (十一) 法官依法官法第19條第2項規定,請求撤銷職務監督受職務法庭駁回後,得否依大法官審理案件法第5條第1項第2款規定,聲請大法官解釋? (十二) 其他依法官法第19條第2項規定,向職務法庭提起撤銷訴訟之其他程序法上之問題為何? 基於澄清上述問題之目的,乃有本計畫之產生。 也因此,本計畫首先將探討職務監督與審判獨立論述:這部分將對於職務監督意義、審判實務上之監督類型等;並且將談論到職務監督界線與審判獨立間的問題。緊接著是關於撤銷職務監督訴訟,這部分主要談論關於不服職務監督之救濟途徑;最後是有關於結論部分。<br> Abstract: The ROC Constitution Article 80 says that judicial independence must be obtained. But our Judges Act Article 20 says that The supervision of judges shall be carried out in accordance with the following: 1. The President of the Judicial Yuan supervises judges of courts at all levels and the commissioners of the Public Functionary Disciplinary Sanction Commission. 2. The President of the Supreme Court supervises the judges of that court. 3. The President of the Supreme Administrative Court supervises the judges of that court. 4. The Chief Commissioner of the Public Functionary Disciplinary Sanction Commission supervises the commissioners of that commission. 5. The President of the High Court supervises the judges of that court, its branch courts, the district courts, and the branch district courts within its jurisdiction. 6. The president of a branch High Court supervises the judges of that court, the district courts, and the branch district courts within its jurisdiction. 7. The President of the High Administrative Court supervises the judges of that court and the branch courts within its jurisdiction. 8. The president of a branch High Administrative Courts supervises the judges of that court. 9. The president of the specialized court supervises the judgesof that court. 10. The president of a district court supervises the judges of that court and its branch courts. 11. The president of a branch district court supervises the judges of that branch court. So, how could we maintain Judicial Independence while Judges Act Article 20 tells us that judges can be supervised, this is what we are researching for.審判獨立職務監督職務法庭審判核心領域憲法第80條Judicial IndependenceSupervise toward JudicialJudgement to JudicialCore Territory of Judgement職務監督與審判獨立專題研究計畫