2018-12-262024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/677840摘要:農藥生產過程中為確保作物之品質與產量,每逢種植期經常會施用農藥,這些農藥最終將進入水體中。在農藥及化學肥料被頻繁施用的情況下,雖然作物之品質受到保障,同時也帶來環境上的隱憂。底泥為環境汙染物匯集沉積之場所,以底棲非目標生物進行底泥毒性試驗為評估農藥環境風險的重要方法之一,各農藥在登記成為合法使用之農藥時,均須提供相關的水生及底泥環境毒理資料。但目前我國僅對於水體中之指標生物相關數據具有較完整的背景資料,關於底棲非目標生物之生物數據仍十分匱乏。 搖蚊 (Chironomus riparius & Chironomus dilutus) 和端足蟲 (Hyalella azteca) 之個體小,在環境中數量多且重複性高,利於降低試驗動物個體間之差異,且對環境汙染物敏感度高。本實驗室將針對國外環境推薦之底棲非目標生物 (包括端足蟲和搖蚊) 進行研究,並建立相關系統,以利國內底泥環境中農藥殘留值之監測及標準訂定。藉由觀察生物之死亡率以及行為改變,如:生殖行為、攝食行為、羽化行為…等,觀察農藥對於指標生物之影響,並利用其研究數據評估農藥在環境中的風險,建立相關資料庫。 我國農藥於環境中之風險通常透過試驗指標生物之致死濃度 (LC值) 以及效應濃度 (EC值) 進行評估。國內目前已進行關於端足蟲之相關研究,包含殺菌劑影響端足蟲基因表現差異 (吳,2015),以及殺蟲劑和殺菌劑對於端足蟲之混合毒性等相關文獻 (趙,2016)。但國內關於搖蚊作為指標生物之相關研究資料目前甚少,參考國外文獻目前是以搖蚊是否完成生活史、成蟲雌雄比和族群完成世代之時間等指標進行農藥風險之評估。 端足蟲因終其一生均生活在底泥中,且體型較小,行為須藉由放大鏡及攝影機進行監測,所以較難在一般底泥中進行長期的觀察;搖蚊之幼蟲及蛹均生活在底泥中,且有少部分的時間會接觸水體,相對端足蟲來說其體型較大且行為較易觀察,因此比端足蟲更適合作長期或是更多世代之相關研究。<br> Abstract: Pesticides are applied during planting to ensure the quality and yield of crops. Because of frequent application of pesticides and fertilizers, the impact of these chemicals on environment were concerned. Therefore, environmental toxicity data must be provided before pesticide registered. Many non-target organisms were used to be the toxicity test indicate species such as honeybees, earthworms, silkworms, or predatory and parasitic insects in the vicinity of use. In aquatic environment, Taiwan uses the 96-hour acute toxicity of indicator species rainbow trout, blue gill, zebrafish, and carp, to assess pesticide toxicity to freshwater fish, and daphnia (geneus Daphnidae) is used for freshwater invertebrates. Meanwhile, there are not only aquatic species but also species live in sediment were choose to be the biological indicator to evaluate the impact of pesticide on the environment in other country. In this study, indigenous sediment organism, chironomid (Chironomus riparius & Chironomus dilutus) and amphipod (Hyalella azteca) will be used to establish a standard method for sediment toxicity test. And then, the test of some pesticides toxicity to these organisms follow by the method establish in this study will be conducted. All the information of pesticide toxicity to the sediment organism will be the important reference for the future pesticide management in Taiwan.底泥指標生物非目標生物毒理試驗端足蟲搖蚊indigenous sediment index speciesecotoxicological testamphipodchironomid台灣環境底泥指標生物馴化及標準毒理試驗之方法建立