2015-01-012024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/684513摘要：近年來，食品安全事件頻繁發生，乳製品的安全議題倍受重視。台灣地處於亞熱帶氣候，環境以高溫多濕情況居多，導致牛乳產量下降，而國內牛乳自給率僅18%，提高乳牛單位產能一直都是育種管理上重要的目標，若對有高產能的泌乳牛或後裔，以體內、外產製牛胚方式可望於短時間內快速繁衍高單位產能乳牛後裔，應可改善牛乳供不應求之窘境。乳牛在自然繁殖的情況下，一般產仔性比例是公母各佔一半，提高乳牛的產雌率可使泌乳牛群快速成長，目前有研究顯示性別精液進行人工授精之產雌率可達到九成左右，因此胚移置所產下的後裔於產乳量上顯示具有相當之潛力。基於此，本三年期研究計劃，擬以荷蘭牛為模式，首先應用性別精液與非性別精液建立牛胚體內、外生產系統，進行牛隻活體取卵試驗，研究性別精液與非性別精液以細胞質精子注射後，依不同激活方式發育至囊胚之差異，所產製的牛胚探討胚性別鑑定與胚最佳的玻璃化冷凍保存方式，並研究可達到高懷孕率之胚移置系統。完成以上試驗將可有效提高牛隻產雌率，並增加高產能乳牛之的後裔，可望有效增加本土牛乳之產量。<br> Abstract: In recent years, food safety events occurred frequently and dairy product security issues are not unusual. Taiwan is located at the subtropical climate, hot and humid environment and the weather results in decreased milk production, self-supply rate of milk merely occupy 18% in Taiwan. To improve dairy unit of production capacity has always been an essential aim for breeding management. Embryos could be collected from high lactating cows and conduct embryo transfer approach can improve the milk production capability. In this way, we can ameliorate the supply of insufficient milk. In natural cow breeding condition, birth ratio of male and female letter are the same. As a result, promoting the female birth rate can make the population of lactating cow rapid increase. It was revealed that utilizing sexed semen (X chromosome) for artificial insemination is capable of enhancing the female birth rate up to 90%. Through the approach of embryo transfer and their descendents hold the great promise to elevate the level of milk. Therefore, we conduct ovum pick up method to derive oocytes and fertilized by the approach of intracytoplasmic sperm injection fertilized by sexed and non-sexed semen respectively. We investigate how to optimize embryo in vitro culture system to make embryo development to blastocyst by different activation methods. Furthermore, embryo sex screening the best condition for cryo-preserve the cow embryo and establish high pregnancy rate by embryo transfer method are going to under exploring. Taken together, above studies are about to enhance female birth rate and increase the offspring of high milk production cow for further elevating both milk quantity and quality.荷蘭牛性別鑑定精液產雌率Holstein cowsex selected semenfemale birth rate