Chung C.-H.Chiang Y.-M.FI-JOHN CHANG2020-01-142020-01-1420121027-5606https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/448908Evaporation is an essential reference to the management of water resources. In this study, a hybrid model that integrates a spatial neural fuzzy network with the kringing method is developed to estimate pan evaporation at ungauged sites. The adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) can extract the nonlinear relationship of observations, while kriging is an excellent geostatistical interpolator. Three-year daily data collected from nineteen meteorological stations covering the whole of Taiwan are used to train and test the constructed model. The pan evaporation (Epan) at ungauged sites can be obtained through summing up the outputs of the spatially weighted ANFIS and the residuals adjusted by kriging. Results indicate that the proposed AK model (hybriding ANFIS and kriging) can effectively improve the accuracy of Epan estimation as compared with that of empirical formula. This hybrid model demonstrates its reliability in estimating the spatial distribution of Epan and consequently provides precise Epan estimation by taking geographical features into consideration. © Author(s) 2012.[SDGs]SDG6Evaporation; Fuzzy logic; Fuzzy neural networks; Interpolation; Water management; Adaptive network based fuzzy inference system; Empirical formulas; Geographical features; Meteorological station; Neural fuzzy networks; Non-linear relationships; Pan evaporation; Ungauged sites; Fuzzy inference; evaporation; fuzzy mathematics; hydrometeorology; kriging; nonlinearity; spatial distribution; water management; water resource; Taiwanjournal article10.5194/hess-16-255-20122-s2.0-84856430004https://www2.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856430004&doi=10.5194%2fhess-16-255-2012&partnerID=40&md5=83cbfe7cfb22d63537dbe6ffefb19991