2019-01-252024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/677932摘要：由於全球數位化科技逐年進展，各國氣象業務機構在傳統人工氣象觀測逐年遞減觀測項目與觀測頻率；此外，為呼應聯合國世界氣象組織Minamata convention on Mercury 2020計畫，福丁式水銀氣壓計、乾溼球與最高氣溫水銀溫度計這類人工觀測記錄設備都將停用。中央氣象局目前仍維持每日上午09:00的人工觀測與機械/紙張設備觀測查核，觀測員約需進行~20分鐘進行福丁式氣壓計、空盒氣壓計、雙金屬與毛髮溼度計、乾溼球溫度計以及虹吸式雨量筒的紀錄紙更換、查核與紙張保存。如何參考他國氣象業務單位來適時停用這些人工氣象觀測，以及探討歷年人工紀錄資料永續傳承的方式，亟待審慎評估並加緊腳步推動傳統人工氣象觀測全面自動化；此外，台北盆地夏季高溫極端值升高(熱浪)可能受到都會地景與人為熱影響，還是溫度量測遮罩與通風效益的量測誤差所造成，也需澄清確認。本計畫第一年已完成國外氣象作業單位在傳統人工氣象觀測轉移自動化過程以及技術文獻蒐集整理，訪視完畢國內氣象站觀測員意見，評量各氣象站自記紙本保存年代與數量，以及完成五種自記式紙轉化為數位式紀錄的軟體開發與測試。第二年計畫重點將挑選某氣象測站完成一年度的紙張數位化與現行電子觀測數位資料進行比對，做為測站歷年紙本資料傳承永續可行的具體方案證據，以及測試氣象局歷年七種不同溫度遮罩和通風與否，對於地面氣溫量測的誤差範圍。<br> Abstract: Due to the worldwide evolution of digital technology, most meteorological agencies reduce the observation items and daily frequency at weather station. Meanwhile, WMO promotes the project of Minamata convention on Mercury 2020 to encourage the non-operation with Fortin barometer and mercury thermometer. Central Weather Bureau (CWB) still keeps the daily check on Fortin & barometer, bimetallic meter, hair hygrometer, wet/dry bubble thermometer and Siphon rain gauge every 09:00LST and the trip charts replacement. So CWB needs references from worldwide meteorological agencies on the technical evaluation on stopping these obsolete instruments and sustained solution of data digitalization. Meanwhile, the summertime extreme air temperature in Taipei basin (heatwave) might be related to urban landscape and anthropogenic heating sources, or caused by the thermal screen/ventilation of air temperature measurement, is also needed to confirm. The first year of this project has finished (1) the collection of technical reports and academic papers about transition of human-eye observation, mechanical instruments to automatic electronic instruments. (2) The observers’ interview and on-site amount of strip charts at local weather station (3) the software for digitalizing strip charts. For second year of this proposal, we will make comparison between the digitalized strip-charts data and electronic instruments data in one selected station. The comparison on 7 types of temperature shelters used by CWB is the other issue to check the error range of air temperature at Taipei Basin.世界氣象組織自記紙數位化熱浪溫度遮罩WMOstrip chartdigitalizationheatwavethermal screen