2017-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/713624摘要:因應氣候變遷與可能面臨更多極端降水等極端天氣災害問題,以及都會地區因人口聚集,本計畫針對雙北都會夏季暴雨問題,定義暴雨為時降雨量達40 mm或3小時累計雨量達100 mm,結合氣象科學、水文工程、資料大數據與防災資訊平台應用進行研究,了解氣候變遷下,夏季風區內的暴雨動力機制、可預報度的因子,以改善暴雨預報與水文防災。 本計畫包含數個研究項目:(一) 大氣長河與夏季暴雨之關係:發展適合用於東亞地區之大氣長河偵測法,並探討此類大氣長河與臺灣暴雨之關聯;(二) 雙北都會區夏季暴雨觀測研究:為了提高夏季暴雨預報能力,針對2016-2017年7-8月份的資料,剔除颱風、熱帶低壓影響之個案,以及外部移入系統、非短延時降水的持續性雲系等,共得54個個案,運用雷雨檢查表並加入地面風場輻合為新的預報因子,對挑選個案計算降雨預報的前估後符可發現,前估和後符值分別高達0.85和0.9,且預報得分0.75高於原先未使用地面風場輻合的雷雨檢查表(0.65),這顯示了地面風場輻合是一個良好的預報因子; (三) 運用WRF模式搭配台大所發展的雲微物理方案來探討強降水模擬相關機制的不確定性,本年度工作主要有二,首先為2017年實驗期間,模式預報雙北午後對流的客觀分析統計結果,接續則是選取2013至2016期間雙北地區10場午後暴雨個案,並設計20組使用不同雲物理方案及參數法設定之系集實驗,建立雲物理擾動之空間分布機率預報,此外還測試不同雲物理因子敏感度及影響地面降水的統計表,作為未來改進模式暴雨預報能力的參考;(四) 透過自行研發之新穎都會型淹水模式針對都會區不同土地利用情況下模擬雨水下水道及地表漫地流間之動態流體交互作用;本年度以先前發展之模式為基礎,開發系集都會型淹水模式,此模式不但可應用於淹水模擬,亦可結合概似不確定性估計法評估淹水模擬之不確定性,藉此取代傳統定率式之淹水模式,進而提出機率式淹水模擬產品;(五) 為彙整實驗期間觀測資料和各子計畫模擬成果,實驗團隊設計了視覺化資料展示平台,此資訊平台可透過圖層疊加進行比對分析,藉此可獲得額外資訊,除了2D的資料展示外,今年度更增設了3D的資訊平台,以作為夏季暴雨生成前後的大氣狀態乃至降雨淹水的資料完整呈現;(六) 夏季午後降雨為一非線性過程,傳統的統計線性分析方法未必可以找出降雨前後氣象參數間的因果關係,團隊今年邀請謝志豪老師加入,將嘗試使用經驗動態解析法(Empirical Dynamic Modeling, EDM)去探討夏季暴雨的觀測資料,希望透過新的分析方法解構降雨生成的條件。 <br> Abstract: This project investigates the Extreme Convective Rainfall (ECR) events over Taipei metropolitan area in Taiwan. The Taipei metropolitan area is chosen as the prototype ECR research because it has the largest population and economic activities in Taiwan. The ECR events in the study are defined as hourly rainfall rate exceeds 40 mm/hr or three hour accumulated rainfall exceeds 100 mm. More often than not we will focus the ECR in the form of the afternoon thunderstorms. The radar, satellite and meteorological observations, high resolution cloud dynamics numerical model with a new cloud ice microphysics, flood hydrological model, and atmospheric global large scale model will be used to monitor and study the origin and development of ECR events, and to make better forecast for the ECR events. This project is multidisciplinary and includes the following terms. (1) We developed a detection algorithm of atmospheric rivers for East Asia and investigated the relationship between atmospheric rivers and ECR. (2) We conducted preliminary observation experiment in September 2016, 2017 and 2018 summer and analyzed the results, which are used for instrument calibration and simulation comparison. (3) We conducted forecast experiments by WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model to study ECR formation mechanisms and facilitate the forecast of the associated convective cloud systems. (4) We developed a novel urban inundation module to evaluate the impact of ECR and to provide adaption for the impacts. (5) We developed an operational information platform for precipitation and inundation forecasting for disaster reduction and preparedness.雙北都會區極端對流暴雨觀測實驗預報實驗衝擊評估防災應用Taipei metropolitanextreme convective rainfallobservation experimentforecast experimentimpact evaluationdisaster reduction雙北都會區夏季對流暴雨之研究與防災應用(2/4)