2013-01-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/704109摘要：中華白海豚為臺灣西海岸一個極度瀕危族群，規劃中離岸風機開發預定地多與籌設中「中華白海豚重要棲息環境」重疊或比鄰。離岸風機開發極可能影響鯨豚生態，建設過程中打樁噪音對鯨豚的影響最鉅。為評估離岸風機開發對此瀕危族群可能造成的衝擊，本計畫將針對(一)水下噪音對海豚生理之影響及(二)海豚族群與個體生態活動因離岸風機興建之改變進行研究。 噪音引起海豚生理反應方面，將對海豚播放不同類型與音量的聲音，監測三種改變：(1) 聽覺誘發電位法監測是否出現暫時性聽力衰減；(2)以緊迫基因表現與免疫功能測定了解是否出現緊迫與免疫力下降情況；(3)以觀察行為分析行為改變狀況。研究成果可供研擬噪音對海豚影響之減輕策略。 中華白海豚生態活動方面，將搭船以穿越線調查就海豚密度、空間分佈、環境因子、族群結構、個體棲地忠誠性與活動範圍等生態活動指標調查監測。同時以雙向梯度方式佈放水下聲學儀器長期監測，利用自動化聲音偵測演算法，分析海豚在日夜、潮汐及季節週期變化的活動頻率變異與族群聲音行為等。時程上跨越開發前、施工階段以及營運等期間，以建立環境影響評估與保育行動制定的參考依據，並參照海豚的時空分布預測模型研擬管制措施及對海豚衝擊的減輕策略。<br> Abstract: The population of the Chinese white dolphin (Sousa chinensis) in western Taiwan is listed by the IUCN as critically endangered. The currently proposed areas for offshore windfarm development, however, either overlap or are adjacent to the designated area for the Chinese White Dolphin Essential Habitat Range. The construction of the windfarm could devastate the cetaceans, in particular the noise generated by high intensity pile-driving used to secure the turbines in the seabed. To evaluate the impact of the offshore windfarm development, the present project will conduct two studies centering on (a) the impact of underwater noise on the dolphin’s physiology and (b) the relation between the offshore windfarm construction and the activity changes in both the Chinese white dolphin population and individuals. To study noise-induced stress and behavioral changes, the dolphins will be exposed to different types and volumes of sounds and three physiological changes will be monitored: (1) temporary hearing threshold shift monitored by the auditory evoked potential methodology; (2) stress and decreased immunity monitored by gene expression and immunity tests; (3) behavioral changes monitored by observation and analysis. The results could be used to establish mitigation guidelines for assessing and reducing the impacts of anthropogenic noise on the dolphins. To study the ecological impacts, zigzag transect line surveys will be conducted by observers onboard a research vessel, recording and estimating the density of the Chinese white dolphins, their spatial distribution, gradients of environmental factors, population structure, individual site fidelity and home range. Underwater passive acoustic recorders will also be employed to provide long-term monitoring through a two-way gradient sampling scheme. The variation of occurrence in diel, tidal and seasonal cycles and the composition of vocalizations will be analyzed by an automatic detection algorithm. The differences in all of these activity indexes between the periods before, during, and after the construction will be examined to establish baseline information for environmental impact assessment and conservation of this endangered population. Predictive models of spatial distribution and time series activities of the Chinese white dolphins will also be developed for control and mitigations of the impacts of offshore windfarm construction.中華白海豚離岸風機水下噪音緊迫反應族群生態環境影響評估Sousa chinensisoffshore windfarmunderwater noisestress responsepopulation ecologyenvironmental impact assessment