Liao, H.-C.H.-C.LiaoGuo, P.P.GuoHsu, C.-P.C.-P.HsuLin, M.M.LinWang, B.B.WangZeng, L.L.ZengHuang, W.W.HuangSoe, C.M.M.C.M.M.SoeSu, W.-F.W.-F.SuBedzyk, M.J.M.J.BedzykWasielewski, M.R.M.R.WasielewskiFacchetti, A.A.FacchettiChang, R.P.H.R.P.H.ChangKanatzidis, M.G.M.G.KanatzidisMarks, T.J.T.J.MarksWEI-FANG SU2018-09-102018-09-102017http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85007400197&partnerID=MN8TOARShttp://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/402177Organic–inorganic perovskite photovoltaics are an emerging solar technology. Developing materials and processing techniques that can be implemented in large-scale manufacturing is extremely important for realizing the potential of commercialization. Here we report a hot-casting process with controlled Cl− incorporation which enables high stability and high power-conversion-efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.2% for small area (0.09 cm2) and 15.4% for large-area (≈1 cm2) single solar cells. The enhanced performance versus tri-iodide perovskites can be ascribed to longer carrier diffusion lengths, improved uniformity of the perovskite film morphology, favorable perovskite crystallite orientation, a halide concentration gradient in the perovskite film, and reduced recombination by introducing Cl−. Additionally, Cl− improves the device stability by passivating the reaction between I− and the silver electrode. High-quality thin films deployed over a large-area 5 cm × 5 cm eight-cell module have been fabricated and exhibit an active-area PCE of 12.0%. The feasibility of material and processing strategies in industrial large-scale coating techniques is then shown by demonstrating a “dip-coating” process which shows promise for large throughput production of perovskite solar modules. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheimhot-casting; perovskite solar cells; power conversion efficiency; solution process[SDGs]SDG7[SDGs]SDG9Carrier concentration; Coatings; Conversion efficiency; Efficiency; Perovskite; Process control; Solar cells; Solar power generation; Thin films; Throughput; Carrier diffusion length; Crystallite orientation; Halide concentration; High power conversion; Large-scale manufacturing; Power conversion efficiencies; Processing strategies; Solution process; Perovskite solar cellsjournal article10.1002/aenm.201601660