2016-01-012024-05-15https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/663493摘要：抗病品種之選育及使用，向來為最經濟、有效、環保之病蟲害防治手段，也是優質安全農產品生產中不可或缺之一環。稻熱病可發生於水稻各個生育時期，在全球均造成相當程度之經濟損失，為因應稻熱病菌族群 Avr genes 之快速演化，需釐清現有品種所帶之抗性基因，擴大抗性多樣性，持續選育本土水稻抗性品系，才能有效應付品種輪替之需求。近年來臺灣及其他國家均有徒長病發生嚴重及抗藥性菌株之報導，由於在藥劑防治上存在隱憂，值得開發抗性品種以輔助防疫。本計畫預定完成高雄145號多品系品種之育成，並以連鎖定位分析方式，持續尋找稻熱病及徒長病之抗性基因座，開發分子標誌，運用於分子抗性育種。本年度研究重點包括：(1) 針對不同組合「IRBL x 高雄145」之BC3F1，進行前景 R genes、遺傳背景及/或農藝性狀之篩檢；BC1F2及BC1F1之雜交組合，則進行前景 R genes篩選後，與高雄145號進行回交。(2)以良質米品種桃園3號、臺中30號、臺中192號、台&#31241;2號、台&#31241;8號及台&#31241;14號為抗性親本，分別與LTH感性親本做雜交，獲得F2子代，進行稻熱病抗性評估及確認遺傳特性。(3) 將臺農82號經疊氮化鈉誘變之44個抗稻熱病品系，與台中秈10號、台農82號分別雜交，建立F2族群，進行抗性評估及確認遺傳特性。(4) 以Budda及IR78581-12-3-2-2作為抗病親本，台&#31241;16及台農71作為感病親本，建立F2:3雜交族群，進行徒長病抗性評估及確認遺傳特性。 <br> Abstract: Breeding and deployment of resistance varieties, one of the most economical, effective, and eco-friendly way to control diseases and insect pests, is the foundation for producing high-quality and safe agricultural products. Rice blast pathogen can infect rice plants at all growth stages, causing severe economic damage all around the world. To cope with the fast-evolving Magnaporthe oryzae population in the field, it is important to characterize the resistance genes in existing cultivars, increase genetic diversity of resistance, and put continuous efforts in the development of new resistance varieties. In recent years, increased incidence of rice bakanae disease and the emergence of fugicide-resistant Fusarium fujikuroi isolates have been reported in Taiwan and other countries. Since seed treatment and chemical control may be ineffective, use of newly developed resistance varieties is an alternative way for bakanae disease control. This study aims to breed a set of multiline varieties from Kaohsiung 145, discover loci for resistance to rice blast and bakanae disease using linkage analysis, and develop closely-linked markers applicable for molecular breeding. This year we plan to focus on: (1) Foreground (R genes) and background genotyping, and phenotyping of agronomic traits for the BC3F1 derived from various cross combinations of“IRBL x Kaohsiung 145”. The BC1F2 and BC1F1 will be subject to R gene selection and recurrent backcrossing. (2) Development of F2 populations from the cross of high-quality rice varieties (Taoyuan 3, Taichung 30, Taichung 192, Taikeng 2, Taikeng 8, and Taikeng 14) and the susceptible variety LTH. The genetic basis of resistance will be analyzed by evaluation of F2 individuals for blast resistance. (3) Development of F2 populations from 44 sodium azide induced Tainung 82 mutant varieties crossed with Taichung Sen 10 or Tainung 82. The genetic basis of resistance will be analyzed by evaluation of F2 individuals for blast resistance. (4) Development of F2:3 populations from the cross of resistant donor (Budda and IR78581-12-3-2-244) and susceptible donor (Taikeng 16 and Tainung 71). The genetic basis of resistance will be analyzed by evaluation of F2 individuals for resistance to bakanae disease.水稻稻熱病稻熱病菌徒長病徒長病菌分子育種疊氮化鈉ricerice blast diseaseMagnaporthe oryzaebakanae diseaseFusarium fujikuroimolecular breedingsodium azide