邱榮舉臺灣大學:國家發展研究所邱太三Chiu, Tai-SanTai-SanChiu2010-05-052018-06-282010-05-052018-06-282008U0001-1408200916582700http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/180294在台灣的刑事法制發展歷程中，雖憲法有關人民之自由與權利作了相當進步地規定。然因受到執政黨黨國威權統治與戒嚴體制的強力干預，憲法有關保障人身自由與權利的刑事司法體制，實際上都在意識型態下一直被封存、冷藏。直到1987年解嚴之後，在全球第三波政治民主化的浪潮與保障人權的大纛下，才進行一場法律體制與法治思想的轉型革命。而，強人逝去，威權轉型，並不表示作為國家統治與社會控制工具之刑罰法律會式微或消失，有時反而轉型成為更細密、更全面、更技術性的社會控制。因此，本文試圖先經由福科的權力系譜學角度，嘗試性分析自解嚴前後台灣社會有關個人自由法律權力的配置在刑事法制上的變化。者，即令在1993年2月1日起國會全面改造後的台灣，雖已進入民主法治的新紀元。然在各種政經勢力仍不斷持續消長、衝突、妥協的過程中，權力仍無所不在且流竄於社會結構中，並意在鞏固統治合法性與社會安定性。因之，有必要檢視代表全體選民意志與福祉之立法院，在司法改革特別是刑事人權法制所扮演之角色與實際之功能。次，在所有的法律中，刑事訴訟法最能與國家的型態、社會的結構、時代文化與價值觀緊密結合。而在台灣的刑事法制，尤其是刑事審判體制與訴訟法的程序特質無疑是體現刑法罪刑法定主義，實現公平正義的首要工具。之，從過去大法官會議有關刑事人權之重要解釋羈押與拘提、搜索及扣押、通訊自由、二二八事件處理及賠償條例與立法院制定或修正法律之立法過程即可明瞭其背景、轉折與問題。台灣刑事審判體制，在引入近代西方法制後司法文化之形塑影響著當時與其後人民對司法之依賴。而攸關刑事審判體制的四項重大變革：(1)審檢分隸。(2)司法院審判機關化。(3)改良式當事人進行主義。(4)軍事審判法之修正，更反應著過去台灣刑事審判體系不論軍事審判、普通法院審判，未能發揮保障人權，實現公平正義，並獲得人民之高度信賴之結構性因素。Taiwan’s Constitution, implemented in 1947, clearly defined the rights and freedoms of the people. The implementation of these rights and freedoms, especially those concerning the criminal justice system, was under the sway of the KMT’s authoritarian regime and martial law which meant they were not realized. It was not until martial law was lifted in 1987, as part of the third wave of global democratization that the legal system began to undergo a transformation. sing criminal laws as social control measure, however, does not disappear with the death of a dictator or the removal of an authoritarian regime. Instead, this practice is changed into a more subtle and pervasive form of social control. On February 1, 1993, Taiwan ushered in a new era of democracy when all the legislators were elected by the people in Taiwan and the Legislative Yuan instituted structural changes. These changes did not, however, fully promote the rights of the people. Due to different political and economical forces experienced conflict, and then negotiated and compromised; legitimacy of the ruling class and the social stability were more emphasized. Examining the criminal justice system’s response to human rights issues, the Legislative Yuan, the representative of people’s will and welfare, had apparently failed to fulfill its duty.he criminal justice, among other laws, is most closely related to social structure, and contemporary culture and values. The criminal justice system and litigation procedures are undoubtedly the embodiment of criminal justice legalism; they are also the primary tool to practice justice. To better understand the background, transformation and problems of the criminal justice system, we can take a look at the grand justice’s interpretation on the criminal justice system, human rights, detention, arrest, search, seizure, and communication freedom, and at the laws enacted or modified by the Legislative Yuan.aiwan’s criminal justice system laid a strong foundation in the transformation and shaping of the legal culture and in the cultivation of legal professionals after the introduction of Western legal system in the Japanese Reign era. However, the interference and manipulation of the authoritarian regime resulted in the collapse of legal discipline; the consequences of this collapse continue to affect the people’s trust in the legal system. There are four major reform measures (e.g., administration separation between judges and prosecutors, institutionalization of Judicial Yuan, criminal procedure reform toward adversary principle, military criminal procedure reform) that reveal the failure of both the military and civil judicial systems to protect human rights or to dispense justice and account for the people’s mistrust of the judicial system.緒　論............................................................................................................... 1、研究動機、研究目的及研究問題.......................................................... 1、文獻回顧................................................................................................. 4、研究途徑、研究架構及研究方法.......................................................... 14、論文結構重點說明................................................................................. 18一章　法權國家對個人的對立與統一........................................ 21一節　法律與權力的關聯......................................................................... 21二節　福科的權力系譜學......................................................................... 24　第一款　福科的權力哲學..................................................................... 24　第二款　懲罰方式的變形..................................................................... 27　第三款　規訓的權力偽裝..................................................................... 30三節　人身自由權與刑事法制的激盪...................................................... 33　第一款　罪刑法定主義的理想............................................................. 34　第二款　刑事案件程序的連接............................................................. 38　第三款　刑罰目的與方式的轉變.......................................................... 39二章　台灣政治民主化與立法院角色之變化......................... 43一節政治變遷與台灣刑事法制的轉折.................................................. 43　第一款　動員戡亂到解嚴..................................................................... 43　第二款　解嚴後到總統直選................................................................. 47　第三款　兩次政黨輪替......................................................................... 55二節　立法院角色之變化......................................................................... 57　第一款　立法者之角色......................................................................... 57　第二款　立法院政黨生態與議事文化.................................................. 63 viii ～　第三款　立法院在刑事人權議案之角色.............................................. 67三章台灣刑事人權法律之立法變遷 ........................................ 73一節　羈押與拘提..................................................................................... 73二節　搜索及扣押..................................................................................... 86三節　通訊自由......................................................................................... 96四節　二二八事件處理及賠償條例.......................................................... 104四章　台灣刑事審判體制之變遷.................................................. 133一節　近代西方法制的引入..................................................................... 133二節　審檢司法文化之形塑..................................................................... 142三節　刑事審判體制的重大變革............................................................. 154　第一款　審檢分隸................................................................................. 154　第二款　司法院審判機關化與刑事訴訟之改革.................................. 163　第三款　改良式當事人進行主義.......................................................... 169四節　軍事審判制度的革命..................................................................... 182　第一款　確認軍事審判之司法權性質.................................................. 187　第二款　覆判制度之廢除與終審回歸司法一元化.............................. 190　第三款　軍事檢審之獨立..................................................................... 193　論............................................................................................................... 195、研究發現................................................................................................. 195、研究檢討與建議－刑事人權保障之未來方向...................................... 198考文獻.......................................................................................................... 207文附錄.......................................................................................................... 221附圖及照片目次圖一：研究架構與流程圖............................................................................... 19圖二：Jeremy Bentham 於1791 年所設計的圓形監獄（Panopticon）......... 32圖三：民國72 年9 月24 日公布舊刑事法庭席位圖.................................... 52圖四：民國79 年1 月11 日修正發布刑事法庭席位圖................................ 53圖五：民國92 年8 月8 日修正公布刑事法庭席位圖.................................. 54片一：法國大革命的偉大發明──「斷頭臺」（Guillotin） .......................... 27片二：1900 年八國聯軍後，滿清政府大力搜捕義和團份子，押往菜市口9 行刑的場面...................................................................................... 27片三：Jay Calvin Huston 在1927 年民國黨清黨時期在廣東所拍攝斬首的片...................................................................................................... 28片四：台灣人陳信原等10 名在中國販毒於福建被捕並判處死刑押赴刑場開處決的照片................................................................................... 28表目次表一：國內有關刑事法律體制研究狀況表.................................................... 15表二：國內有關威權體制研究狀況表........................................................... 16表三：自1948 年迄今，重要刑事人權法制演變大事記.............................. 221表四：邱委員太三等人擬具刑事訴訟法（有關搜索及扣押）部分條文修案對照表........................................................................................... 225表五：邱委員太三擬具通訊保障及監察法再修正條文與各版本對照表..... 234表六：二二八事件處理及補償條例各版本條文對照表................................ 245表七：委員張世良擬具刑事訴訟法161、163 條修正條文對照表............... 255表八：劉委員俊雄針對張世良委員修正版擬具之再修正條文.................... 258application/pdf2043342 bytesapplication/pdfen-US政治民主化福科權力系譜學刑事人權改良式當事人進行主義DemocratizationMichel FoucaultGenealogyCriminal Justice and Human RightsReformed Adversary Principle[SDGs]SDG16thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/180294/1/ntu-97-Q89341025-1.pdf