Chen, Chih YuChih YuChenChou, Hong NongHong NongChou2009-07-012018-07-062009-07-012018-07-062002http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/161837Purple clams (Hiatula rostrata Lighttoot) accumulate paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins produced by a toxic strain of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim. The results confirm the data of our previous study concerning the muscle and siphon that were not showing a gradual rise in toxicity when shellfish accumulated more A. minutum. However, muscle and siphon are intermittently toxic both in exposure and depuration period in laboratory cultured purple clams. PSP toxins were detected in outdoor cultured purple clams, whereas no A. minutum were found in the culture pond during most of the survey time. The outdoor cultured purple clams need longer time to decrease toxicity to allowable levels than laboratory cultured purple clams. It was shown that laboratory data may not predict times over which pond-cultured purple clams may prove toxic to consumers. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.application/pdf125790 bytesapplication/pdfen-USDinoflagellates; Outdoor culture; Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins; Purple clams[SDGs]SDG14Muscle; Siphons; Toxicity; Shellfish poisoning; Marine pollution; toxin; marine toxin; clam culture; dinoflagellate; ecotoxicology; poisoning; shellfish culture; animal tissue; article; bioaccumulation; clam; controlled study; Dinoflagellate; muscle; nonhuman; pond; shellfish; tissue distribution; toxicity; toxicity testing; adaptation; animal; aquaculture; bivalve; chemistry; Dinoflagellate; food contamination; physiology; reproducibility; Adaptation, Physiological; Animal; Aquaculture; Clams; Dinoflagellida; Food Contamination; Marine Toxins; Reproducibility of Results; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tissue Distribution; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Aquaculture; Bivalvia; Food Contamination; Reproducibility of Results; Tissue Distribution; Alexandrium; Alexandrium minutum; Bivalvia; Dinophyceae; Tautoga10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00307-12-s2.0-0036342647http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/161837/1/13.pdf