2013-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/705424摘要：本計畫從地方分權的角度分析中國大陸社會福利的發展，藉此連結現有中國大陸研究的兩個領域—社會政策以及中央/地方政府關係的研究。「社會分權」是本計畫嘗試提出的新概念，指涉地區社會福利的興起趨勢，重新劃分中央與地方政府彼此間的福利責任。「社會分權」的第一個研究面向是從權責分配及財務支出面向，剖析中央與地方在社會保障的互動關係：雖然中央政府掌握人事權力與制定社會政策框架的權力，但是由於各地經濟、社會發展差異懸殊，必須容許地方政府許多執行上的空間。在社會政策中真正有具體制度架構與執行細節的領域並不多，從而形成特殊的社會分權景象，進而對於中央政府的宏觀調控與統籌分配形成既成的制度障礙。第二個研究面向是探討地方政府如何協調轄境內的經濟與社會治理，以兼顧經濟發展、財政厚實、以及社會保障建設。「福利地區」的治理課題在於地方發展之間的競爭與創新：前者指涉的是地方政府基於區域經濟產業發展戰略，在社會保障制度設計中進行向下或向上競逐的現象，藉以爭取外來投資或是上級政府的財政補助；後者則是地區間的社會政策學習與擴散，可以把地方發展的潛知識從發達地區擴散到相較發達較緩慢地區，藉此帶動後者的發展。這種地方政府具主導角色的「福利地區」與「社會分權」制度邏輯，對於地方政府的經濟與社會治理有深刻的意涵，也是我們理解當前中國大陸社會保障與社會建設的重要切入點。<br> Abstract: This project analyzes social welfare development in China from the perspective of administrative and fiscal decentralization, in an attempt to link two prevalent research strands in China studies that have thus far led separate lives: social policy and central/local relations. Social decentralization is a new concept proposed in this regard to refer to the rising importance of regional social security, and the corresponding recalibration of welfare responsibilities between central and local governments. Social decentralization is composed of two distinct but interrelated analytical dimensions. The first one focuses on the distribution of administrative jurisdictions and financial expenditures between central and local governments in social protection. Despite the centralized personnel and policy-making powers wielded by the central government, much leeway has been granted to local governments to accommodate the significant economic and social disparities among the regions. Accordingly, politicization of regional inequality and interregional redistribution has risen to prominence in Chinese social politics as enormous regional variation in the provision of public goods and services persists. A variety of regional programmes also poses a challenge for the central government in its efforts to coordinate concerted policy frameworks applicable to the whole nation. The second dimension explores how regional governance of economic and social developments can address the imperatives of boosting economic prosperity, substantiating fiscal prowess, and sustaining social security. Central issues of `welfare regions` also touch upon the inter-regional competition and learning innovation: while the former refers to the competitive behaviors among local governments to vie for available resources (e.g. inward investment or subsidies from above), the latter relates to the tendency to inter-regional policy learning and diffusion facilitative of knowledge dissemination among the regions and even from local to central governments. All these developments of social decentralisation in terms of active involvement of the local governments in coordinating local economic growth and social protection have important implications for understanding the social governance and future direction of social policy in China.中國大陸聯邦主義社會分權社會政策ChinaFederalismsocial decentralizationsocial policy