林唯芳臺灣大學：高分子科學與工程學研究所呂日祥Chiw, Nyet-SeongNyet-SeongChiw2007-11-292018-06-292007-11-292018-06-292004http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/62930鑑於壓克力具有良好的加工性、光學性以及接著性，因此壓克力在光學方面的發展具有非常大的潛能。但由於壓克力的玻璃轉移溫度一般都不高以及其機械性質較差，因此加入適當的無機物作為性質上的調整是必要的。 Poly(butyl acrylate)(PBA)在光學方面是一種非常有潛力的壓克力高分子。雖然它的玻璃轉移溫度較低，但是PBA是良好的接著劑並且擁有很好的易曲性(flexibility)非常適合使用在光學接著劑上。PBA為一疏水性材料，因此可得低吸濕性材料。利用自由基聚合法將butyl acrylate與3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane共聚合成高分子，共聚高分子中並加入tetraethoxy silane，以增加無機含量，經由水解縮合(sol-gel)反應，便可以得到側鏈基的二氧化矽交聯網狀奈米結構的高分子。使用真空抽氣法，將溶劑除去並加入壓克力單體與光起始劑，最後使用光波長為365nm的紫外光將反應物聚合，便可以得到我們所要的產物。 我們成功製備玻璃轉移溫度大於200oC、高穿透率(>95%)、低吸濕性低(<5%)、高楊氏係數(>2.5GPa)、低熱膨脹係數(CTE=76ppm/oC) 、折射率在1.5範圍內以及顆粒為15奈米的二氧化矽無溶劑型-有機無機混成光學材料。Acrylates are easy to process, they exhibit good optical properties and adhesive strength, they are useful in the optical technology. However, their glass transition temperature and mechanical properties are inferior as compared with inorganic materials. Thus, we have incorporated inorganic component into poly butyl acrylate to enhance its property. Copolymerized butylacrylate with 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane by free radical polymerization in tetrahydrofuran. Tetraethoxy silane was added into the copolymer to adjust the concentration of inorganic moiety. The silane was removed by vacuum, then the material was blended with monomers and photoinitiators to prepare UV curable solventless organic-inorganic hybrid materials. The material is in liquid form which can be easily applied on different substrates and formed different patterns using photolithography technique. The material after UV curing exhibits high glass transition temperature(>200oC), high transparency(>95%), lower moisture absorption(<5%), high Young's modulus(>2.5Gpa), low coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE=76ppm/oC).The refractive index of the material is about 1.5 and the inorganic nanoparticle size domain is about 15nm.目錄 摘要………………………………………………………….........Ⅰ Abstract………………………………………………………………Ⅲ 目錄…………………………………………………………………….Ⅴ 圖目錄………………………………………………………………….Ⅸ 表目錄…………………………………………………………………XⅢ 第一章 前言…………………………………………………………….1 第二章 基礎理論與文獻回顧………………………………………….4 2.1 有機無機混成材料………………………………………………4 2.2 溶膠凝膠法………………………………………………………6 2.2.1 有機相與無機相間無化學鍵結………………........7 2.2.2 有機相與無機相間以物理作用力結合…………………8 2.2.3 有機相與無機相以化學共價鍵結合……………………9 2.2.4 高分子矽氧烷修飾結構…………………………………9 2.2.5 半混合式高分子互穿網狀結構………………………10 2.2.6 互穿網路結構…………………………………………11 2.2.7 合成高分子有機/無機網狀二氧化矽支鏈混成材料影響 的變數………………………………………........12 2.2.7.1 有機單體與矽氧烷單體的比例………………13 2.2.7.2 合成高分子前驅物時，溶劑與反應物濃度的影響………………………14 2.2.7.3 合成高分子前驅物時，起始劑的量或分子量所造成的影響…………………………………………15 2.2.7.4 合成高分子前驅物時，反應溫度與壓力的影響15 2.2.7.5 將前驅物進行水解縮合反應時，pH值的影響...16 2.2.7.6 水解縮合反應時，所加入稀釋溶劑(共同溶劑)的種類與溶劑量………………………………………17 2.2.7.7 水解縮合反應時，水量的影響………………….18 2.2.7.8 水解縮合反應時，反應溫度的影響…………….19 2.3 有機無機混成材料的製備……………………………………...20 2.4 積體光學……………………………………………….………..23 2.4.1 積體光學之發展…………………………………………23 2.4.2 光纖通訊產業……………………………………………24 2.4.3 光波導簡介………………………………………………25 2.4.4 光波導材料………………………………………………30 2.4.5 光波導材料的光傳損失因素以及材料設計……………33 2.4.6 平面光波導材料與製程設計之基本原理………………36 2.4.7 有機無機混成奈米材料於光學材料的應用……………39 2.5 有機無機混成材料的結構與其性質的關係…………………...41 第三章 實驗部份………………………………………………………47 3.1 實驗藥品…………………………………………………….......47 3.2 實驗儀器…………………………………………………….......49 3.3 實驗步驟…………………………………………………….......51 3.3.1實驗流程圖……………………………………………….51 3.3.2 反應合成流程圖…………………………………………52 3.3.3 BA-MPS共聚合物之製備………………………………..52 3.3.4 有機無機混成材料製備…………………………………53 3.4 實驗測試項目與樣品製備……………………………………...55 3.4.1 熱性質分析………………………………………………55 3.4.2 機械性質分析……………………………………………57 3.4.3 光學性質分析……………………………………………57 3.4.4 吸濕性……………………………………………………58 3.4.5 表面型態…………………………………………………58 3.4.6 溶膠凝膠反應的形成……………………………………59 第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………………60 4.1 有機無機混成光學材料配方探討……………………………...60 4.2 有機無機混成材料的水解縮合反應…………………………...63 4.3 有機無機混成光學材料熱性質………………………………...64 4.3.1 熱裂解溫度…..…………………………………………..64 4.3.2 玻璃轉移溫度……………………………………………70 4.3.3 熱膨脹係數………………………………………………73 4.4 共聚合物穩定度的探討………………………………………...79 4.5 有機無機混成材料光學性質量測……………………………...80 4.5.1 光穿透度…………………………………………………80 4.5.2 折射率………………….………………………………...83 4.6 有機無機混成材料機械性質…………………………………...88 4.6.1 硬度………….…………………………………………...88 4.6.2 楊氏係數…………………...…………………………….91 4.6.3 抗刮性……………….…………………………………...95 4.7 吸濕性…………………….……………………………………100 4.8 表面型態…………………………………………………….....103 第五章 結論…………………………………………………………..105 第六章 建議與未來工作……………………………………………..107 第七章 參考文獻……………………………………………………..108 圖目錄 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Alkoxysilane modified polymer structure…………………...10 Figure 2.2 Semi-IPN structure…………………………………………..11 Figure 2.3 IPN structure…………………………………………….......12 Figure 2.4 Polymer containing silica on the side chain…………………14 Figure 2.5 Principle of total reflection in the waveguide materials……..26 Figure 2.6 Scheme for planar optical waveguide……………………….29 Figure 2.7 Scheme for channel waveguide……………………………..29 Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 Flow diagram for experiment………………………………..51 Figure 3.2 Flow diagram for synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid materials…………………………………………………….52 Figure 3.3 Sample preparation by UV-curing…………………………..56 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 FT-IR spectra for sol-gel reaction between copolymer and tetraethoxy silane……………………………………………63 Figure 4.2 TGA thermogram of B series………………………………..66 Figure 4.3 Plot of decomposition temperature(Td) vs BA content……...67 Figure 4.4 TGA thermogram of S series………………………………...67 Figure 4.5 Plot of decomposition temperature (Td) vs silica content…...68 Figure 4.6 TGA thermogram of T series………………………………..68 Figure 4.7 Plot of decomposition temperature (Td) vs TEGDA content..69 Figure 4.8 TGA thermogram of M80…………………………………...69 Figure 4.9 DSC thermogram of B series………………………………..71 Figure 4.10 Plot of Tg vs BA content in B series……………………….71 Figure 4.11 DSC thermogram of S series……………………………….72 Figure 4.12 DSC thermogram of T series……………………………….72 Figure 4.13 DSC thermogram of M80………………………………….73 Figure 4.14 TMA thermogram of S series………………………………76 Figure 4.15 Plot of CTE vs silica content in S series…………………...76 Figure 4.16 TMA thermogram of T series………………………………77 Figure 4.17 Plot of CTE vs TEGDA content in T series………………..77 Figure 4.18 TMA thermogram of D series and M80……………………78 Figure 4.19 UV-vis spectra for S series…………………………………81 Figure 4.20 UV-vis spectra for T series…………………………………82 Figure 4.21 UV-vis spectrum for M80………………………………….82 Figure 4.22 Refractive index curve of S series………………………….83 Figure 4.23 RI values vs silica content in S series……………………...84 Figure 4.24 Extinction coefficient curve of S series……………………84 Figure 4.25 Refractive index curve of T series………………………….85 Figure 4.26 RI values vs TEGDA content in T series…………………..85 Figure 4.27 Extinction coefficient curve of T series……………………86 Figure 4.28 Refractive index curve of M80…………………………….86 Figure 4.29 Extinction coefficient curve of M80……………………….87 Figure 4.30 Hardness for S series……………………………………….92 Figure 4.31 Hardness for T series……………………………………….92 Figure 4.32 Hardness for D series………………………………………93 Figure 4.33 Tensile modulus for S series……………………………….93 Figure 4.34 Tensile modulus for T series……………………………….94 Figure 4.35 Tensile modulus for D series……………………………….94 Figure 4.36 No crack point at 5N for M80……………………………...97 Figure 4.37 Crack point at 12.5 for M80………………………………..97 Figure 4.38 Scratch properties for S series……………………………...98 Figure 4.39 Scratch properties for T series……………………………...98 Figure 4.40 Scratch properties for D series……………………………..99 Figure 4.41 Moisture absorption properties for S series………………102 Figure 4.42 Moisture absorption properties for T series………………102 Figure 4.43 Surface morphology of M80 nanocomposite……………..103 Figure 4.44 Surface morphology and nanoparticle size of M80 nanocomposite……………………………………………104 表目錄 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 Requirements for optical materials…………………………….2 Chapter 2 Table 2.1 Application and development of organic-inorganic hybrid……5 Table 2.2 Characteristics of polymer materials from different manufactories…………………………………………………31 Table 2.3 The standards of optical waveguides for single mode and multimode…………………………………………………….38 Table 2.4 Organic-inorganic hybrid optical devices…………………….40 Chapter 4 Table 4.1 Chemical compositions of copolymer………………………..61 Table 4.2 Chemical compositions of copolymer-SiO2………………….61 Table 4.3 Chemical compositions of organic-inorganic hybrid materials62 Table 4.4 TGA results of organic-inorganic hybrid materials………......66 Table 4.5 CTE values for organic-inorganic hybrid materials ………….75 Table 4.6 Stability of B series…………………………………………...79 Table 4.7 NIR absorption for CH and OH bonding……………………..81 Table 4.8 Mechanical properties for S series……………………………90 Table 4.9Mechanical properties for T series…………………………….90 Table 4.10 Mechanical properties for D series and M80……………..…91 Table 4.11 Scratch properties for component…………………………...96 Table 4.12 Moisture absorption properties for component…………….101 Table 5.1 Properties for M80…………………………………………..1061495678 bytesapplication/pdfen-US奈米結構溶膠凝膠法壓克力高分子有機無機材料silica sol-gelnanodomainOrganic-inorganic hybrid materialsbutyl acrylatethesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/62930/1/ntu-93-R91549013-1.pdf