2011-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/698789摘要：最近十年，許多東亞社會經歷重大的政治、經濟、社會、人口變動。與歐洲國家相同，這些東亞國家政府也面臨改革社會福利與社會保護體系的巨大壓力，以跟上社會經濟、人口變動的腳步。在40年快速且持續的經濟成長後，全球化下勞動市場的轉變導致失業率增加、工作貧困家戶（working poor）增多、貧富差距拉大等問題；但在這同時，小家庭、核心家庭與日漸增加的離婚率，無可避免弱化家庭提供社會保護和經濟支持的能量，尤其是家庭成員面臨經濟困難時。因此，「貧窮」的圖像在今日東亞已經有了根本的轉變，它意味著產業的轉型、勞動的彈性化與非典型化、家庭福利能力的衰退、以及既有福利制度的不再有效，更重要的是，「貧窮」不再侷限在我們刻板認知的弱勢團體（如老人、身心障礙者、兒童、低技術勞工…），而是一種跨階級的風險，甚至是生命歷程中一段普遍存在的過程！證諸全球金融風暴下高科技產業的裁員與無薪休假風波，這樣的認知應該更為深刻。因此，本研究計畫將著重在三個環環相扣問題的探討：1）不同社會脈絡下民眾經歷貧窮經驗的敘事圖像；2）不同社會所擁有的處理貧窮問題的政策工具；3）前兩者所交織出的落差、以及政策行動者如何認知此一落差與其適當的政策回應。而研究地區將涵蓋東亞三種典型的福利體制：生產型（台灣）、自由主義（香港）、與社會主義轉型（中國）。比較不同福利體制下貧窮圖像的差別、受產業與社會結構轉型影響的程度、以及政策回應的工具選擇。<br> Abstract: East Asian societies have experienced remarkable shifts in the past decade, no matter at political, economic, social, and demographic aspects. Just like European countries, a great pressure for reforming welfare and social protection system has been upon the East Asian governments, in conjunction with social changes. After rapid economic growth for over 40 years, the movement of globalization has transformed labor market and many problems, such as unemployment, working poor and income inequality, follow. Meanwhile, the increase of divorce has been scaling down family size, as well as its supporting capacity for family members in hardship. Therefore, the profile of poverty in East Asia is fundamentally different from the past days, implying industrial transformation, flexible and atypical labor, declining family welfare, and ineffective existing welfare systems. More importantly, poverty is no longer exclusively to traditional disadvantaged groups (e.g. elderly, handicapped, children, unskilled workers…), but a general risk between different classes and within individual life course. It is even more obvious as we learned the lay-off and unpaid holidays because of global financial crisis across the world. In conclusion, the study will focus on three interconnected questions: first, the real narrative profile of poverty in varied social contexts; second, the policy instruments for poverty reduction owned by different countries; and, third, the gap between poverty narration and policy instruments, as well as the responses of stakeholders. The comparison will cover three typical welfare regimes in East Asia: productivist regime in Taiwan, liberal regime in Hong Kong, and socialist transformed regime in China. We would like to look into the differences of poverty profile, the degree induced by industrial transformation, and their options of policy instruments.福利體制政策工具貧窮比較研究東亞welfare regimepolicy instrumentpovertycomparative studyEast Asia