SHIH-HUNG YANGZHONG-ZHE LINSUNG-HSIN KUOANN-LII CHENG2021-02-232021-02-2320090361-8609https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649695550&doi=10.1002%2fajh.21436&partnerID=40&md5=0df7489d658b641aff7ee1fc0eae7f57https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/549486Although CHOP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone) or more intensive chemotherapy regimens with or without rituximab can cure around 50% of advanced-stage aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), a substantial proportion of the patients develop refractory or relapsing diseases. However, high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation usually rescues a limited number of patients. Historically, traditional chemotherapy regimens, including ESHAP (etoposide, methylprednisolone, highdose Ara-C, and cisplatin), ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide), DHAP (high-dose Ara-C, cisplatin, and dexamethasone), and EPOCH (etoposide, doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone) are used for salvage treatment in refractory or relapsing NHL [1]; however, the use of these regimens is often limited by the relatively severe toxicities. For example, high-dose Ara-C-containing regimens (ESHAP and DHAP) have significant hematological, skin, conjunctival, and mucosal toxicities [2,3]. Accumulated cardiac toxicity would be a major problem of anthracycline-containing regimens (EPOCH) for patients after standard first-line CHOP-based regimens [4]. Previous studies using ICE for a salvage chemotherapy regimen usually enrolled transplant-eligible patients, and the hematological toxicity remained significant, although the aggressive prophylactic granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was used [5]. Therefore, a safe and effective salvage chemotherapy regimen is needed for the treatment of relapsing or refractory aggressive NHL, irrespective of the initial response to chemotherapy, patients' age, or patients' comorbidities.[SDGs]SDG3anthracycline; carboplatin; cisplatin; cyclophosphamide; cytarabine; dexamethasone; doxorubicin; etoposide; gemcitabine; granulocyte colony stimulating factor; ifosfamide; methylprednisolone; prednisolone; prednisone; rituximab; vincristine; adult; aged; anemia; article; autologous stem cell transplantation; blood toxicity; cancer combination chemotherapy; cancer relapse; cancer staging; cardiotoxicity; clinical article; comorbidity; controlled study; drug efficacy; drug fatality; drug megadose; drug safety; eye toxicity; female; human; hyperglycemia; hypokalemia; hyponatremia; infection; male; multiple cycle treatment; neurotoxicity; neutropenia; nonhodgkin lymphoma; pneumonia; priority journal; refractory period; salvage therapy; side effect; skin toxicity; thrombocytopenia; treatment outcome; unspecified side effect; urinary tract infection; vomiting; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cisplatin; Deoxycytidine; Etoposide; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Methylprednisolone; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retrospective Studies; Salvage Therapyjournal article10.1002/ajh.21436194847372-s2.0-67649695550