徐濟泰臺灣大學：動物科學技術學研究所任蔚平Jen, Wei-PingWei-PingJen2007-11-272018-06-292007-11-272018-06-292006http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/56642延長光照提升泌乳牛產能，包括了生長及泌乳的效益已被證實，而促進泌乳牛產能主要是藉由類胰島素生長因子-I (insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-I) 於血液中濃度的提升所造成。然而，延長光照對於季節性發情育種的乳山羊產能影響仍不清楚；因此，本研究即企圖探討延長光照對於泌乳羊可能之影響。試驗動物為10 頭 Alpine 經產羊及3頭初產羊，依產次、分娩日期及體型平均分配於長日照組 (long daily photoperiod, LP)，與自然日照組 (natural daily photoperiod, NP)。LP 組光照長度為16小時 (0400 - 2000)，照度設定於羊隻眼睛高度處大於 600 lux。實驗期為分娩後 22 週，於 2005年二月至八月進行。兩組皆採符合 NRC 建議泌乳山羊營養需要量所配製之相同日糧配方。每日擠乳2次，並於每次擠乳後餵飼當日日糧 1/2 量。每週末二日記錄乳量、餵飼量及剩料量，並採集乳樣及剩料進行乳組成及營養成分分析。結果顯示，延長光照處理對於乳糖、乳脂率及乳生菌數皆未有影響 (P > 0.05)。LP 組血漿中 IGF-I 濃度增加 (P < 0.05)，原始乳量則於第6及7週有提升之趨勢 (3.74 vs. 2.24 kg/d; 3.76 vs. 2.54 kg/d; P < 0.10)，4% 乳脂校正乳亦是相似結果。延長光照平均增加 IGF-I 達 25.5%，4% 乳脂校正乳乳量達 23.2%，及採食量 41.4%。綜合上述，延長光照可有效增進乳羊產能。The long daily photoperiod (LP) has been proved to enhance dairy cattle production including growth and lactation through increasing the concentration of plasma IGF-I. However, its effect on dairy goat, a seasonal breeder, was unclear. In this study, we intended to elucidate the effect of long daily photoperiod on milk production of dairy goat. Ten multiparous and three primiparous Alpine dairy goats were evenly assigned to LP (16 h lighting per day, 0400 - 2000) or natural daily photoperiod (NP) according to parity, kidding date, and body condition. Light intensity was set more than 600 lux at goats’ eyes level. The experiment lasted for 22 weeks after kidding from Feb to Aug, 2005. Same diet, meeting nutrient recommendation for lactating dairy goat by NRC, was offered to both groups. Goats were milked twice daily, and offered half of daily ration after each milking. Milk, feed, and refusal were weighted and sampled on last two days each week. Results showed that LP had no effect on lactose and milk fat concentrations and raw milk total bacterial number (P > 0.05). The average concentration of plasma IGF-I was increased by LP treatment (P < 0.05). Milk yield on weeks 6 and 7 tended to be increased by LP (3.74 vs. 2.24 kg/d; 3.76 vs. 2.54 kg/d; P < 0.10). The 4% fat corrected milk (FCM) response was similar to milk yield. The LP treatment increased IGF-I, FCM and feed intake by 25.5%, 34.7% and 41.4% on average, respectively. In conclusion, photoperiod is an effective method to improve dairy goat production.目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I 表次------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------IV 圖次-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V 中文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Abstract---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 壹、緒論-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 貳、文獻檢討-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 一、 光照的生理影響--------------------------------------------------------------------------9 (一) 光與日節律---------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 (二) 光照與松果腺合成及分泌的節律性-------------------------------------------------10 (三) 光週期與松果腺素對反芻動物之影響----------------------------------------------13 二、 延長日照於乳牛之利用---------------------------------------------------------------14 (一) 生長與繁殖-------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 (二) 乳產量、乳組成及乾物質採食-------------------------------------------------------18 (三) 內泌素-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 1. 泌乳素與泌乳素受體----------------------------------------------------------------------23 2. 生長激素-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 3. 類胰島素生長因子-I-----------------------------------------------------------------------25 (四) 乳腺發育----------------------------------------------------------------------------------30 1. 女牛乳腺發育之影響----------------------------------------------------------------------30 2. 經產牛乾乳期乳腺發育影響-------------------------------------------------------------31 參、材料與方法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 一、 實驗動物處理---------------------------------------------------------------------------34 二、 樣本收集---------------------------------------------------------------------------------37 (一) 乳樣----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37 (二) 剩料及飼料樣本-------------------------------------------------------------------------37 (三) 血液樣本----------------------------------------------------------------------------------38 三、 乳組成分析------------------------------------------------------------------------------38 (一) 乳糖 (Lactose) 分析--------------------------------------------------------------------38 1. 標準品之製備-------------------------------------------------------------------------------38 2. 酵素呈色法分析----------------------------------------------------------------------------39 (二) 乳脂率分析-------------------------------------------------------------------------------40 (三) 乳蛋白率分析----------------------------------------------------------------------------41 (四) 生乳總生菌數分析----------------------------------------------------------------------42 (五) 4% 乳脂校正乳計算--------------------------------------------------------------------42 四、 類胰島素生長因子-I (IGF-I) 濃度測定--------------------------------------------42 (一) 血漿樣本前處理及稀釋----------------------------------------------------------------43 (二) 標準品製----------------------------------------------------------------------------------44 (三) 酵素結合免疫吸附分析法-------------------------------------------------------------44 五、 飼料及剩料成分分析------------------------------------------------------------------46 (一) 乾物質採食率----------------------------------------------------------------------------46 (二) 樣本前處理-------------------------------------------------------------------------------46 (三) 總灰分率----------------------------------------------------------------------------------46 (四) 粗蛋白質----------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 六、 統計分析---------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 肆、結果與討論-------------------------------------------------------------------------------48 一、 飼料採食量------------------------------------------------------------------------------48 二、 乳產量及乳組成------------------------------------------------------------------------49 三、 乳組成分析------------------------------------------------------------------------------51 四、 類胰島素生長因子-I-------------------------------------------------------------------52 伍、結論----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68 陸、參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------------------------------69666708 bytesapplication/pdfen-US乳山羊延長光照乳產量Dairy goatLong daily photoperiodMilk productionthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/56642/1/ntu-95-R93626001-1.pdf