黃秉鈞臺灣大學：機械工程學研究所吳民聖Wu, Min-ShengMin-ShengWu2007-11-282018-06-282007-11-282018-06-282005http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/60980本研究旨在探討獨立太陽能LED路燈之充電與放電控制方式，使蓄電池的蓄電量可以提高，且不會產生過充；在夜間放電時，可依蓄電量大小做最佳放電控制，以提高照明續航力。 本研究首先探討蓄電池充電過程的動態系統模型，再利用此一模型進行控制器設計與分析，利用閉迴路敏感度分析找出一最佳控制系統，以消除太陽輻射變化對充電過程的影響。夜間照明時之放電，試圖利用時間序列(Time series)預測隔日全日輻射量，再配合開路電壓法所得之當日電容量，決定放電照明功率。 本研究發現蓄電池充電過程的動態系統模型可用一階線性微擾模型來精確描述在不同操作狀態下的動態變化。本研究採用利用PI控制器進行充電控制，發現在太陽輻射量由344W/m2瞬間變化至862 W/m2時，電池端電壓變化量不超過0.2V，可妥善抑制輻射改變之干擾。在放電控制方面，本研究先利用氣象資料推導太陽輻射量的時間序列模型，並用以預測隔日輻射量，唯預測之輻射量在±2MJ/day m2誤差範圍內之成功率只有約30%。因此改以只利用開路電壓法檢測電容量並應用PWM技術，控制放電照明的功率，發現只要蓄電池初始電量高於80%以上，即可使整個太陽能照明系統即使在連續5日陰雨天，亦能提供夜晚的照明。A battery charge and discharge control technique for solar lighting system was developed to prevent the battery from being over charged in the daytime and to adjust the discharge power for lighting in order to extend the lighting time at night-time. A linear system dynamics model for battery discharge was first derived in the present study. It is found that a first-order perturbed model can accurately describe the system dynamic behavior of the battery at different operating conditions. A feedback control system utilizing PI control is designed. The closed-loop controller design uses a closed-loop sensitivity function to make a compromise between the disturbance rejection and the system response requirement. The experimental results show that the battery voltage can be controlled within 0.2V for the step change of solar irradiation from 344W/m2 to 862 W/m2. The present study also derives a time-series model for predicting the variation of daily total solar radiation using meteorological data in order to control the discharge power effectively to extend the light hours at night. However, the probability of success in forecasting the daily solar radiation within the range ±2MJ/day m2 is only about 30%. A simple algorithm utilizing the PWM power control technique and open-loop voltage check is thus developed. It is found that the present control system can extend the lighting at night for 5 continuous cloudy and rainy days.誌謝.................................................I 摘要.................................................II 英文摘要.............................................III 目錄.................................................IV 表目錄...............................................VII 圖目錄...............................................VIII 第一章 前言..........................................1 1.1 研究動機.........................................1 1.2 研究內容.........................................7 第二章智慧型充電控制技術研究.........................9 2.1 太陽能電池特性...................................9 2.1.1 太陽電池等效電路與特性方程式...................9 2.1.2 集光式太陽電池輸出充電電流與日照強度關係.......14 2.2 鉛酸蓄電池特性...................................16 2.2.1 鉛酸蓄電池化學反應式...........................16 2.2.2 鉛酸蓄電池充電方法.............................17 2.3 鉛酸蓄電池動態系統識別...........................21 2.3.1 系統識別方法...................................21 2.3.2實驗設計........................................22 2.3.3 電流響應模型...................................25 2.3.4 實驗結果.......................................26 2.4 控制系統設計分析.................................35 2.4.1 迴授系統構造...................................35 2.4.2 控制器選擇.....................................38 2.4.3 控制系統分析...................................38 2.4.4 控制系統敏感度分析.............................44 第三章 智慧型放電控制技術研究........................51 3.1 鉛酸蓄電池放電特性...............................51 3.2 鉛酸蓄電池電容量檢測.............................52 3.2.1 容量檢測方式...................................52 3.2.2 實驗設計與實驗結果.............................53 3.3 放電控制分析.....................................55 3.3.1 連續陰天數.....................................55 3.3.2 放電控制技術分析...............................57 3.5 利用時間序列預測隔日日照量以進行放電控制之可行性分析...................................................59 3.5.1 時間序列簡介...................................59 3.5.2 預測結果.......................................63 第四章 充放電控制系統設計與實驗整合測試..............68 4.1 控制器硬體設計...................................68 4.1.1 充、放電系統結構...............................68 4.1.2 控制器硬體元件.................................69 4.2 軟體設計.........................................72 4.3 充電PI控制測試...................................75 4.3.1 實驗設計.......................................75 4.3.2 實驗結果.......................................76 4.4 路燈實際測試.....................................77 第五章 結論與討論....................................84 5.1 結論.............................................84 5.2 討論.............................................84 5.3 未來展望.........................................85 參考文獻.............................................86 附錄 PIC16F877控制程式.............................88 作者簡歷.............................................953306873 bytesapplication/pdfen-US獨立太陽能發電系統太陽能發電太陽能路燈Solar lighting systemthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/60980/1/ntu-94-R92522826-1.pdf