Jia W.Xiao X.Ji Q.Ahn K.-J.LEE-MING CHUANGBao Y.Pang C.Chen L.Gao F.Tu Y.Li P.Yang J.2020-06-012020-06-0120152213-8587https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925260966&doi=10.1016%2fS2213-8587%2815%2900041-8&partnerID=40&md5=8151ecbe22cb09f74408771c4329ac26https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/495847Background: Unlike in western countries, premixed insulin is widely used as the starter insulin in Asian patients instead of basal insulin. The use of basal-bolus therapy as an intensification regimen is not common in Asia despite poor glycaemic control after starting insulin therapy. An alternative insulin intensification regimen with a similar efficacy and safety profile to basal-bolus therapy, but of higher convenience, is urgently needed. The efficacy and safety of insulin lispro mix thrice-daily was compared with basal-bolus therapy in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes who were insufficiently controlled on twice-daily premixed insulin. Methods: This open-label, randomised, active comparator-controlled, parallel-group trial was done at 24 centres in China, Taiwan, and South Korea. Patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled on twice-daily premixed insulin were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either insulin lispro mix (mix 50 before breakfast and lunch plus mix 25 before dinner) or basal-bolus therapy (insulin glargine at bedtime plus prandial insulin lispro thrice-daily) for 24 weeks. Randomisation was done by a computer-generated random sequence and was stratified by country or region and baseline HbA1c. Treatment assignments were masked from the study team assessing outcomes but not from investigators and patients. The primary outcome was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 24 in all randomly assigned patients who received at least one dose of study drug. Analysis was by modified intention to treat, with the per-protocol population used as a supportive analysis. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01175811. Findings: Between Feb 7, 2011, and Nov 7, 2012, 402 patients were enrolled (199 in the premix group, 203 in the basal-bolus group) and 399 were included in the primary analysis (197 in the premix group, 202 in the basal-bolus group). HbA1c change at week 24 was -1·1% for both treatment groups. The least squares mean difference between groups in HbA1c change from baseline was 0% (95% CI -0·1 to 0·2). Insulin lispro mix was non-inferior to basal-bolus therapy based on the prespecified margin of 0·4%. The frequency of adverse events, and the incidences and 30-day rates of nocturnal and overall hypoglycaemia were comparable between groups. No severe hypoglycaemia was reported. Interpretation: A premixed insulin lispro regimen thrice-daily was non-inferior to basal-bolus therapy in terms of overall glycaemic control and thus could be an option for intensified insulin regimen in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled with twice-daily premixed insulin. Funding: Eli Lilly and Company. ? 2015 Elsevier Ltd.[SDGs]SDG3hemoglobin A1c; insulin glargine; insulin lispro; acarbose; antidiabetic agent; glycosylated hemoglobin; hemoglobin A1c protein, human; inositol; insulin glargine; insulin lispro; metformin; voglibose; adult; Article; Asian; bedtime dosage; bolus injection; China; controlled study; diabetes control; diabetic patient; disease severity; drug efficacy; drug safety; female; human; hypoglycemia; insulin treatment; major clinical study; male; multicenter study; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; open study; parallel design; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; South Korea; Taiwan; treatment duration; treatment response; aged; analogs and derivatives; chemically induced; clinical trial; combination drug therapy; comparative study; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; hypoglycemia; metabolism; middle aged; treatment outcome; Acarbose; Aged; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inositol; Insulin Glargine; Insulin Lispro; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Republic of Korea; Taiwan; Treatment Outcomejournal article10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00041-8257544142-s2.0-84925260966