2002-08-012024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/683487摘要：皂素(saponins)是廣泛存在於食用植物體中的一群複雜醣&#33527;化合物(glycosides)，其配醣體（aglycon）稱為皂素配基（sapogenin），依化學結構被分為兩大類，分別為三類(triterpene)和固醇類（steroid）。山藥（Deoscorea spp.）地下塊莖即含有1-3﹪或更高量的固醇類皂素（steroidal saponins），是生產固醇類藥物的重要原料之一，也是利用山藥為保健食品材料的重要活性成分。已單離出的十幾種山藥皂素，大部分都已在體外實驗中證實具有生物活性，但各種皂素間的活性高低有數倍的差異。雖然對單離的山藥皂素的生理活性尚不清楚，但山藥皂素與其他皂素，已有許多廣泛且深入的生理功能研究，從文獻中可歸納出皂素具有降低膽固醇、降低血糖、抑制癌細胞生長、減緩小腸發炎、刺激乳腺上皮細胞生長、活化雌激素活性等生理功能，但部分皂素也發現有溶血與細胞毒性的負面活性。由於山藥所含的固醇類皂素沒有可見光與紫外光的吸收，因此在層析分析時常使用折射率或低波長的紫外光檢測系統，而限制了混合溶劑梯度的使用，若可使用蒸發光散射檢測系統則可以克服以上的困難。<br> Abstract: Saponins are a complex group of compounds that occur naturally in plants, and foods that use these plants as raw materials. From a chemical viewpoint, saponins are glycosides with steroid or triterpene aglycon (sapogenin). The physiological properties of saponins include: hypocholesterolaemic and hypoglycemic effects, reducing intestinal inflammation and cholestasis, and stimulating the growth of mammary epithelium. Rhizome of yam (Dioscorea spp.) contains about 1~3% of steroidal saponins that are the major raw materials for producing steroidal medicines. More than 10 saponin components have been isolated form rhizome of yam, and most of them are cytotoxic to Pyricularia oryzae (a pathogenic fungus) and cancer cell line K562. The high content of saponins in rhizome makes yam a good candidate for producing functional foods. In spite of the benefits mentioned, the saponins of soybean and some plants are hemolytic. It is very import to monitor the amount and the ratio of saponin components in yam and yam products, for the toxicities and biological activities of individual saponin vary. The tentative schedule has been set as followings: First year: Determine the sapogenin contents of yam cultivars currently grown in Taiwan. Second year: Develop an analytic protocol for routine works based on a high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) and to monitor the amount and individual saponin in yam cultivars and yam products. Third year: To investigate the changes of amount and individual saponin ratio during the processing.山藥皂素皂素&#33527固醇類皂素高效能液相層析-蒸發光散射檢測系統Dioscoreayamsaponinssapogeninsteroidal saponinsHPLC-ELSD (evaporative light scattering detection)