Tsai, Yu-PingYu-PingTsaiSHIH-HAN HUNGTSUNG-REN HUANGSullivan, William C.William C.SullivanTang, Shih-AnShih-AnTangCHUN-YEN CHANG2022-04-252022-04-252021-1219326203https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122030858&origin=resultslisthttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/606080Graphic design thinking is a key skill for landscape architects, but little is known about the links between the design process and brain activity. Based on Goel’s frontal lobe lateralization hypothesis (FLLH), we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan the brain activity of 24 designers engaging in four design processes—viewing, copy drawing, preliminary ideas, and refinement—during graphic design thinking. The captured scans produced evidence of dramatic differences between brain activity when copying an existing graphic and when engaging in graphic design thinking. The results confirm that designs involving more graphic design thinking exhibit significantly more activity in the left prefrontal cortex. These findings illuminate the design process and suggest the possibility of developing specific activities or exercises to promote graphic design thinking in landscape architecture. ? 2021 Tsai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.articlebrain functiondrawingexercisefunctional magnetic resonance imaginghumanhuman experimentprefrontal cortexthinkingadultbrainbrain mappingcomputer graphicscreativityhemispheric dominancemalenuclear magnetic resonance imagingphysiologyproceduresyoung adultAdultBrainBrain MappingComputer GraphicsCreativityFunctional LateralityHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMalePrefrontal CortexThinkingYoung Adult[SDGs]SDG11journal article10.1371/journal.pone.0258413349418952-s2.0-85122030858