Manegold CDingemans A.-M.CGray J.ENakagawa KNicolson MPeters SReck MWu Y.-LBrustugun O.TCrinò LFelip EFennell DGarrido PHuber R.MMarabelle AMoniuszko MMornex FNovello SPapotti MPérol MSmit E.FSyrigos Kvan Meerbeeck J.Pvan Zandwijk NChih-Hsin CHIH-HSIN YANGZhou CVokes E.2020-05-262020-05-2620171556-0864https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015304170&doi=10.1016%2fj.jtho.2016.10.003&partnerID=40&md5=12772120b0659e696fab73a7fbb3cf84https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/494955Over the past few years, there have been considerable advances in the treatments available to patients with metastatic or locally advanced NSCLC, particularly those who have progressed during first-line treatment. Some of the treatment options available to patients are discussed here, with a focus on checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and antiangiogenic agents (bevacizumab, ramucirumab, and nintedanib). It is hypothesized that combining immunotherapy with antiangiogenic treatment may have a synergistic effect and enhance the efficacy of both treatments. In this review, we explore the theory and potential of this novel treatment option for patients with advanced NSCLC. We discuss the growing body of evidence that proangiogenic factors can modulate the immune response (both by reducing T-cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment and through systemic effects on immune-regulatory cell function), and we examine the preclinical evidence for combining these treatments. Potential challenges are also considered, and we review the preliminary evidence of clinical efficacy and safety with this novel combination in a variety of solid tumor types. ? 2016 International Association for the Study of Lung CancerAntiangiogenesis; Combination therapy; Immunotherapy; NSCLC[SDGs]SDG3atezolizumab; avelumab; bevacizumab; cabozantinib; carboplatin; cisplatin; docetaxel; durvalumab; fluorouracil; folinic acid; gemcitabine; metronidazole; nintedanib; nivolumab; oxaliplatin; paclitaxel; pazopanib; pembrolizumab; pemetrexed; placebo; programmed death 1 ligand 1; ramucirumab; sunitinib; angiogenesis inhibitor; antiangiogenic therapy; bleeding; cancer immunotherapy; drug approval; drug efficacy; drug safety; drug tolerability; food and drug administration; gastrointestinal disease; human; hypertransaminasemia; immunotoxicity; maintenance therapy; monotherapy; non small cell lung cancer; overall survival; pneumonia; progression free survival; protein expression; Review; treatment response; immunology; immunotherapy; lung tumor; non small cell lung cancer; pathology; vascularization; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Humans; Immunotherapy; Lung Neoplasmsreview10.1016/j.jtho.2016.10.003277292972-s2.0-85015304170