Huang H.-P.Lai Y.-C.I-JUNG TSAIChen S.-Y.Tsau Y.-K.2020-12-212020-12-2120080090-4295https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-40649116947&doi=10.1016%2fj.urology.2007.10.049&partnerID=40&md5=adc92b42883037096c1f26bd482fbdachttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/530104Objectives: To assess the consequences of renal ultrasonography (RUS) in the treatment of children younger than 5 years of age with a first febrile urinary tract infection. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the results of imaging studies, including RUS, computed tomography, and voiding cystourethrography in children with a first febrile urinary tract infection during a 2-year period. Children with known urologic anomalies, other underlying diseases, or simultaneous combined illnesses were excluded. Children with nephromegaly were diagnosed with acute lobar nephronia by computed tomography. Results: A total of 390 children were included in this study. Of the 390 children, 112 (28.7%) had abnormal RUS findings. The children with abnormal RUS findings of nephromegaly, small kidney, intermittent hydronephrosis, or a double collecting system had a significantly greater incidence of vesicoureteral reflux than children with normal RUS findings. Additionally, the occurrence of high-grade vesicoureteral reflux in children with abnormal RUS findings was more frequent than in children with normal RUS findings. Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that it is worth performing RUS in children with a first febrile urinary tract infection because abnormal kidney size or other specific structural ultrasound findings should be investigated, in addition to isolated hydronephrosis. ? 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.[SDGs]SDG3article; child; computer assisted tomography; controlled study; cystourethrography; human; hydronephrosis; kidney hypertrophy; kidney malformation; major clinical study; priority journal; urinary tract infection; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Kidney; Retrospective Studies; Urinary Tract Infections; Vesico-Ureteral Refluxjournal article10.1016/j.urology.2007.10.049183421832-s2.0-40649116947