蕭旭峰Shiao, Shiuh-Feng臺灣大學:昆蟲學研究所陳振祥Chen, Chen-HsiangChen-HsiangChen2010-05-102018-06-292010-05-102018-06-292008U0001-2407200800402500http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/181742在台灣產的蟬中姬春蟬屬(Euterpnosia)是種類最多的一屬，全世界已記錄25種，在台灣有16種，皆為特有種。由外部形態所建立的的親源關係樹來看本屬應為單系群，其中阿里山姬春蟬(Euterpnosia arisana Kato, 1925)、水社姬春蟬(Euterpnosia suishana Kato, 1930)及寬尾姬春蟬(Euterpnosia latacauta Kato, 2008)為一多分枝的姐妹群，多分枝為快速幅射演化的一個重要特徵。鳴聲分析主要分析招喚聲，雄蟬鳴叫吸引雌來交尾，這是性選汰中的雌蟲選擇，這是一個極強的選汰力量。從波形圖分析來看，姬春蟬的波形差異頗大，可以當做良好的鑑定特徵;從音頻圖分析來看，姬春蟬的音頻約在0-20kHz之間，通常會有二段強頻帶，第1強頻帶約在5-10kHz間，第2強頻帶約在10-17kHz間。鳴聲的改變在姬春蟬的生殖隔離上扮演重要角色，從觀霧產的太平姬春蟬(Euterpnosia varicolor Kato, 1926)及高山姬春蟬(Euterpnosia alpina Kato, 2005)所產生的鳴聲性狀替換效應來看，二種雄蟬都將音頻提高，這是為了加強交配前的隔離所做的改變，這證明鳴聲對這二種姬春蟬都不是很強的生殖隔離，鳴聲屬於低分化這也是快速幅射演化的特徵。在花東地區的高士佛姬春蟬(Euterpnosia olivacea Kato, 1927)，廣泛分布於台灣東部，從屏東壽卡到花蓮太魯閣，各族群間在尾節(生殖器)內側緣片可以看出漸進的變化，最南的族群與最北的族群幾乎已是不同的二個種，這應是地理區隔所產生的族群差異。從親源關係、鳴聲及族群間的差異來看，姬春蟬屬符合幅射適應理論。Among Euterpnosia genus is the most species genus among Taiwan’s cicadas, 25 species described worldwide, sixteen Euterpnosia species have been recorded in Taiwan, all endemic to Taiwan. This genus is a monophyletic group based on cladistic analysis of morphological data. Analysis demonstrates that the Euterpnosia tree contains a basal polytomy of sister group(E. arisana, E. suishana and E. latacauta) that indicates a rapid radiation. The calling songs produced by males are generally thought to be species-specific, and can be used as a species specific taxonomic character, which is a female choice in sexual selection. Acoustic analysis indicated that the spectrogram of frequence of Euterpnosia are approximately 0-20 kHz with two dominant frequency bandwidths, 1 st dominant frequency bandwidth is approximately 5-10kHz，2 nd dominant frequency bandwidth is approximately 10-17kHz. Acoustic changes might have contributed to reproductive isolation, E. varicolor and E. alpina indicated the character displcement of calling song is an illustration in Guanwu, both its dominant frequency increased for premating isolation. It demonstrates that low divergence in calling song for rapid radiation. E. olivacea is a widespread species in the Eastern Taiwan from Shouka to Tailuge. Inward lobe of E. olivacea of every population form gradual changes, and E. olivacea of Shouka and E. olivacea of Tailuge may be different species. Variation of E. olivacea might be produced by geographical barriers. Phylogeny, acoustic behaviour and population of variations of the genus Euterpnosia seems to display adaptive radiation in Taiwan.目 錄試委員會審定書……………………………………………………Ⅰ謝……………………………………………………………………Ⅱ次……………………………………………………………………Ⅵ次……………………………………………………………………Ⅵ文摘要………………………………………………………………Ⅸ文摘要………………………………………………………………Ⅹ、前言………………………………………………………………1、往昔研究…………………………………………………………3、材料與方法………………………………………………………5(一) 標本收集……………………………………………5 (二) 標本檢查……………………………………………5(三) 蟬聲錄音……………………………………………6(四) 聲音分析……………………………………………6(五) 採集及錄音地點……………………………………7(六) 親緣分析……………………………………………8(七) 形態描述..................................12 1 姬春蟬屬基本形態………………12 2 形態分類術語……………………12 3 台灣產姬春蟬屬名錄……………18、結果................................................19(一) 分類學....................................19 1 檢索表……………………………19 2 分類各論....................21uterpnosia alpina.....................................21uterpnosia arisana………….………………………………….24uterpnosia chishingsana……………………………………….27uterpnosia hoppo………………………………………………..30uterpnosia koshunensis…………………………………………33uterpnosia kotoshoensis……………………………………….36uterpnosia laii………………………………………………….39uterpnosia latacauta……………………………………………41uterpnosia madawdawensis……………………………………. 44uterpnosia olivacea…………………………………………….47uterpnosia suishana…………………………………………… 50uterpnosia varicolor……………………………………………53uterpnosia viridifrons…………………………………………56(二) 親緣關係…………………………………………59 1 編碼矩陣……………………….59 2 系統樹………………………….60(三) 鳴聲分析…………………………………………61 1 姬春蟬鳴聲分析簡介………….61 2 聲音分析術語………………….61 3 各種姬春蟬鳴聲分析………….62 4 太平姬春蟬及高山姬春蟬之性狀替換效應分析……84、討論...............................................89(一) 分類上的疑問…………………………………… 89(二) 親緣關係………………………………………… 90(三) 鳴聲的演化……………………………………… 90(四) 花東地區姬春蟬種群的探討…………………… 93 、參考文獻........................................96 、附錄............................................99 (一)採集及錄音地點……………………………… 99 (二)PAUP軟體的樹資料………………………………100application/pdf21667153 bytesapplication/pdfen-US姬春蟬蟬召喚聲幅射演化性狀替換Euterpnosia, cicadacalling songadaptive radiationcharacter displacementthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/181742/1/ntu-97-P94632002-1.pdf