工學院: 機械工程學研究所指導教授: 陳希立賴靜仙Lai, Ching-HsienChing-HsienLai2017-03-132018-06-282017-03-132018-06-282015http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/278248本研究以模擬計算的方式，針對利用回收離島電廠柴油發電機組排放之廢熱，建構之區域熱冷水系統節能改善工程進行最佳化設計，及此工程採用節能績效保證合約進行時之可行性評估。首先評估柴油發電機組之可用廢熱率、及建立區域熱、冷水系統改善前、後耗能量計算方式。在電力公司、能源技術服務公司等不同角色下，訂定節能績效保證合約。接著以4個通用的數學問題比較四種粒子群最佳化演算法的效能，以求解穩定性為主要考量，選擇線性遞減慣性權重法，作為粒子群最佳化演算法的更新法則，將系統在生命週期內之初始成本與運轉成本訂為目標函數，求取最小值，並以區域冷水系統進行最佳化設計案例說明，當吸收式冰水主機容量為380 kW搭配儲冰水槽容量1500 kW-hr時為最佳設計。進一步，比較區域熱、冷水系統改善前後之節能效益，在區域熱水系統中，全年用電量可以減少237.6 MWh、減少柴油用量23,220 L、降低二氧化碳排放168 ton，年平均節能率為95.1%；在區域冷水系統中，每年降低323 MWh之耗電量、減少32,566 L柴油用量、及降低228 ton二氧化碳排放，年平均節能率為55.9%。設定節能績效保證專案年限為10年、貸款利率為2.25%，分析節能績效保證合約模式之可行性。由結果顯示，同時執行區域熱、冷水系統改善工程時之總收益最高，對電力公司而言，非ESCO合約模式獲得最高收益，回收年限為6年，十年之總收益為21,758,719元，投資報酬率為54.9%；對能源技術服務公司而言，以節能效益分享型模式有最高收益，回收年限為6年，10年之總收益為19,912,488元，投資報酬率為48.3%。現行節能改善之政策性貸款利率分析中，適用於離島建設之優惠貸款利率可低於2.25%，有助於推動離島地區節能改善工程；適用於本島之政策性優惠利率則高於2.25%，較不利於推動成本較高，且回收年限較長之節能改善工程。This dissertation numerically investigates the optimization design of a district heating and cooling system using waste heat recovery from the diesel generators of power plants on an isolated island and the feasibility assessment of energy savings performance contracts (ESPC) with energy-savings project. Firstly, the mathematical models of the hourly available waste heat for systems and the power consumption of systems are developed. In consideration of both parties, the power company and the energy service company (ESCO), the ESPC of energy-savings project is planned. This study then compares the performances of four updating rules of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) through applying four mathematical problems. The linear-decayed inertia weight method is favorable for this study because stability is the target solution. The objective function of the optimization design includes the initial cost and the running cost during the life-cycle period. In this study, the PSO method is adopted to acquire the minimum value of the objective function, where the constraints include the conservation of energy between absorption chiller and chilled water storage tank of district cooling system (DCS). The optimization result of the DCS is achieved with a 380 kW absorption chiller and a storage tank with a capacity of 1,500 kW-hr. Furthermore, the study compares energy-saving efficiency with and without the district heating and cooling system. In district heating system (DHS), it has been proved that the yearly average energy conservation rate, electricity consumption, diesel consumption, and CO2 emissions can be reduced by 95.1%, 9,237.6 MWh, 23,220 L, and 168 ton respectively. In district cooling system, it has been shown that the yearly average energy conservation rate is approximately 75.7%, whereas the yearly electricity consumption, diesel consumption and CO2 emissions can be reduced by 955.8 MWh, 32,566 L and 228 ton respectively. Setting the project period of 10 years, and the project lending rates of 2.25%, the results show that the energy-savings project combining DHS and DCS yield maximum income. For the power company, operation without ESPC results in the most income. The payback period and the income with ten-years of timespan are six years and 21,758,719 TWD respectively. Moreover, the return on investment is 54.9%. For ESCO, the contract type of shared savings has maximum income. The payback period and the receipts of ten-years are six years and 19,912,488 TWD respectively. Additionally, the return on investment is 48.3%. According to the current interest rate of this energy-saving project, the discounted interest rate for isolated islands’ constructions lower than 2.25 % would provide incentive for the execution of this project. Otherwise, the execution of this project would be hindered due to higher costs and longer payback periods.論文使用權限: 不同意授權區域熱水系統區域冷水系統廢熱回收節能績效保證合約粒子群最佳化district heating systemdistrict cooling systemwaste heat recoveryparticle swarm optimizationenergy savings performance contracts[SDGs]SDG7[SDGs]SDG11thesis