Chang, Chin-WeiChin-WeiChangHsu, Wei-FanWei-FanHsuTseng, Kuo-ChihKuo-ChihTsengChen, Chi-YiChi-YiChenCheng, Pin-NanPin-NanChengHung, Chao-HungChao-HungHungLo, Ching-ChuChing-ChuLoBair, Ming-JongMing-JongBairChen, Chien-HungChien-HungChenLee, Pei-LunPei-LunLeeLin, Chun-YenChun-YenLinKuo, Hsing-TaoHsing-TaoKuoYang, Chi-ChiehChi-ChiehYangCHUN-TING CHENHuang, Jee-FuJee-FuHuangTai, Chi-MingChi-MingTaiCHIA-CHI WANGJIA-HORNG KAOCHUN-JEN LIUCHEN-HUA LIUSHIH-JER HSUet al.2024-07-132024-07-132024-07-04https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/719755Background: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) increases the risk of liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This nationwide cohort study assessed the effectiveness of viral eradication of CHC. Methods: The Taiwanese chronic hepatitis C cohort and Taiwan hepatitis C virus (HCV) registry are nationwide HCV registry cohorts incorporating data from 23 and 53 hospitals in Taiwan, respectively. This study included 27,577 individuals from these cohorts that were given a diagnosis of CHC and with data linked to the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients received either pegylated interferon and ribavirin or direct-acting antiviral agent therapy for > 4 weeks for new-onset LC and liver-related events. Results: Among the 27,577 analyzed patients, 25,461 (92.3%) achieved sustained virologic response (SVR). The mean follow-up duration was 51.2 ± 48.4 months, totaling 118,567 person-years. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) for incident HCC was 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.95, p = 0.052) among noncirrhotic patients without SVR compared with those with SVR and 1.82 (95% CI 1.34–2.48) among cirrhotic patients without SVR. The HR for liver-related events, including HCC and decompensated LC, was 1.70 (95% CI 1.30–2.24) among cirrhotic patients without SVR. Patients with SVR had a lower 10-year cumulative incidence of new-onset HCC than those without SVR did (21.7 vs. 38.7% in patients with LC, p < 0.001; 6.0 vs. 18.4% in patients without LC, p < 0.001). Conclusion: HCV eradication reduced the incidence of HCC in patients with and without LC and reduced the incidence of liver-related events in patients with LC. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.enChronic hepatitis CDirect-acting antiviral agentsHepatocellular carcinomaLiver-related eventsTaiwan hepatitis C virus registryjournal article10.1007/s10620-024-08512-838965159