Lin C.-C.Lin Y.-Y.Li S.-S.Yu C.-C.Huang C.-L.Lee S.-H.Du C.-H.Lee J.-J.Chen H.-L.CHUN-WEI CHEN2019-11-272019-11-27201117545692https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79958077023&doi=10.1039%2fc1ee01183a&partnerID=40&md5=6b25e11b6de47226c2857ae01f51c5bbhttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/432837In this article, we would like to demonstrate an electric field annealing method to assist the self-organization of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) hybrid without any thermal post-treatment. By applying a DC electric field perpendicular to the substrate during the solvent-drying process, the formation of fibrous P3HT crystalline domains and phase-separated domains of bulk heterojunctions can be achieved, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 4%. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) measurement suggests that the electric field-assisted annealing will facilitate the crystallization of P3HT in both lamellar stacking and vertical stacking, as a result of improved carrier transport and photovoltaic performance. The method of electric field-assisted annealing can easily be integrated into large-area and low-temperature processes, providing a new route to fabricate low-cost and flexible polymer solar cells. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.[SDGs]SDG7Bulk heterojunction; Crystalline domains; Dc electric field; Electric field annealing; Field-assisted annealing; Flexible polymers; Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction; Low-temperature process; Methyl esters; Photovoltaic performance; Poly-3-hexylthiophene; Post treatment; Power conversion efficiencies; Self-organizations; Vertical stacking; Annealing; Butyric acid; Conversion efficiency; DC power transmission; Fatty acids; Heterojunctions; Photovoltaic effects; X ray diffraction; Electric fields; electric field; fullerene; low temperature; photovoltaic system; polymer; self organization; X-ray diffractionjournal article10.1039/c1ee01183a2-s2.0-79958077023