2018-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/702139摘要：鐵路系統之永續經營能力與路公司、車公司及旅客等鐵路市場三大要素之收益平衡息息相關，近年來隨著各國開始大力推動鐵路組織再造及市場自由化，鐵路市場收益平衡之相關議題逐漸受到重視。回顧過去文獻，多半僅針對三大要素中的兩項要素探討其中關係，如路公司與車公司間的通行費平衡模式、車公司與旅客之間的票價平衡模式，並沒有全盤考慮三大要素之收益平衡研究。有鑑於此，本研究規劃以兩年期探討鐵路市場之收益平衡課題，第一年先分析人、車、路三大要素之關係，回顧相關文獻後並分別建立旅客的定價反應模式，以及車公司和路公司個別之收益最佳化模式；第二年將整合相關模式，以路公司為上層模式、車公司為中層模式、旅客模式為下層模式，建立多層規劃模式探討鐵路市場之收益平衡。在此多層規劃模式中，路公司模式應考量車公司模式之利潤制定通行費、車公司模式則根據通行費及運輸需求決定列車服務和票價、旅客模式則依照車公司制定之票價產生不同的旅次需求。在模式建立後，本研究規劃以台灣高鐵、台鐵及捷運系統為案例進行分析，建立相對應之多層規劃模式。本研究所建立之多層規劃模式可作為市場收益平衡探討的參考依據，並可應用於鐵路組織再造評估，增進軌道系統使用及運轉之效率。<br> Abstract: Sustainable financial management is a critical issue for railway industry worldwide. In recent years, many countries have been conducting organizational reformation of their railway industry in order to meet the rapid growth of transportation demands. A rail market is usually composed by three sectors, infrastructure manager, train operator and passengers. Infrastructure manager conducts infrastructure management by charging access fee from train operator according to its operations for right of way. Operators sets ticket price and train service plan based on passenger’s demand for transportation. Passengers determine their travel plan based on the available railway services and alternatives. Previous research and studies have discussed the relationship between infrastructure manager and operators or between operators and passenger; however, none of the existing studies incorporate all sectors together to reflect the mechanism among them. In this research, we develop multi-level programming models according to the roles of the sectors in the market. Infrastructure manager model determines access charge according to track maintenance cost and train operator’s willingness to pay. Train operator model sets ticket price and service plan based on passenger demands. Passenger model estimates the demand for all segments by considering the travel cost and service quality. Three case studies are performed to demonstrate the use of the proposed models to conventional railway, high speed rail, and metro systems. The results are proved to be suitable for addressing different market scenarios. Using this multi-level model can facilitate revenue balance analysis of railway market and provide solid reference for future railway organization evaluation.鐵路運輸多層規劃模式收益平衡分析