2013-01-012024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/678928摘要：本篇研究係以產品週期之一般均衡模型，探討跨國生產對創新、技術選擇、工資和生產模式的影響。北國(已開發國家)為最終產品之生產者，可於北國生產，亦可透過外國直接投資或委外代工至南國(開發中國家)生產。北國廠商於南國生產的好處為生產成本降低，但是需面對生產線的管理。北國廠商若決定將生產線移至南國，則其有兩種選擇方式：外國直接投資之缺點為高治理成本；委外代工的成本雖較小，但是需承擔被模仿的風險，惟此可由南國加強保護智慧財產權而減低。 研究發現當南國智慧財產權保護增強，將使委外代工及南國生產的情況增多，並導出與文獻相左之結論：外國直接投資及北國生產減少。此係因過去研究建立在企業只能選在北國或南國生產的假定上，而忽略當南國加強智慧財產權保護，企業於外國直接投資和委外代工兩策略間轉換的行為。 本研究另一特點為分析全球生產線的佈局如何影響南北國的人力資本累積。假設北國的技術勞工從事研發部門，而無技術勞工從事生產部門；南國無技術南國勞工於生產部門工作，技術南國勞工則在外國直接投資部門工作。研究顯示當委外代工誘因增多或刪減研發成本，將提高委外代工、南國非技術勞工之需求，降低南國技術勞工比例及外國直接投資；而當外國直接投資誘因增加，則會產生完全相反的效果。 本文亦討論全球生產線的佈局對南北國工資不均度的影響。當對南國非技術勞工需求增大時(例如，委外代工的成本下降)，將加深北國、減少南國的工資不平等，擴大技術勞工之國際工資差距。另，若此讓外國直接投資成本降低，則會提升外國直接投資和南國技術勞工需求，並對南北國工資不平等、國際工資差距產生相反影響。 <br> Abstract: The goal of this project is to develop a world economy composed by a North (developed) country and a South (developing) country to study how global specialization affects the economic performance under general equilibrium. It is quite obvious that foreign direct investment (FDI) and international outsourcing are now very common on a global scale. Over recent years, these phenomena have led to economists showing considerable interest, both empirical and theoretical, in the causes and effects of international specialization. When considering the production of part of their goods abroad as a means of saving costs, firms are faced with a choice between FDI and outsourcing; they can produce goods abroad either through multinationals or by licensing foreign firms to produce them on their behalf. I plan to develop a unified model of FDI and outsourcing to investigate the effects of global specialization on innovation and patterns of production based on a North-South model. Northern firms engage in R&D activity and produce cutting-edge quality products through innovation. Production is decomposed into advanced and basic production. Northern firms can choose to complete the whole production process at home or carry out only advanced production using basic constituent goods produced in the South. When a Northern firm makes basic goods made abroad, it engages in FDI; it can, however, choose instead to outsource its basic goods production to Southern firms under license. There are two major differences between FDI and outsourcing strategies. Conducting FDI activity incurs higher costs since a Northern firm needs to recruit Southern workers to manage or monitor its production process in the South. On the other hand, without properly managing or monitoring its production process in the South, outsourcing is subject to the risk of contract defaulting. Furthermore, I plan to introduce human capital accumulation into the above trade model. Heterogeneous (skilled and unskilled) agents are considered in the model. This setup allows us to study the effects of global specialization on the wage inequality.外國直接投資委外代工人力資本所得不均研發。FDIOutsourcingHuman CapitalInequalityInnovation.