Kuperman R.GSimini MCheckai R.TDodard S.GSarrazin MHawari JPaquet LSunahara G.IDi Toro D.MAllen H.EKuo D.T.FTorralba-Sanchez T.L.TA FU DAVE KUO2022-11-112022-11-11201609291393https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84948809281&doi=10.1016%2fj.apsoil.2015.11.008&partnerID=40&md5=33da90dc4b7cd14234626bee9b9a630dhttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/624993We investigated the bioconcentration potential of nitrogen-based compounds 4-nitroanisole (4-NAN), 3,5-dinitro-o-toluamide (3,5-DNoTAME), and 2-methoxy-5 nitropyridine (2-M-5-NPYNE) using earthworm Eisenia andrei exposures in aqueous exposure media in sand. Separate toxicity studies were conducted prior to bioconcentration studies using a range of chemical concentrations to establish the sublethal exposure conditions for the earthworms. The objectives of the present studies were to: (1) develop an experimental test system for estimating bioconcentration potentials of new and emerging munition compounds that partition into earthworms, using aqueous exposure media; and (2) apply this experimental model to establish original bioconcentration data for 4-NAN, 3,5-DNoTAME, and 2-M-5-NPYNE. Experimental design includes earthworm exposures to chemicals for up to 14 days in aqueous media (Römbke medium; 0.08 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2, 0.5 mM MgSO4, and 0.8 mM NaHCO3) in the presence of water-washed coarse sand (0.5-1.0 mm) substrate. Concentrations of test chemicals in respective exposure media remained relatively stable during these independent studies. Tissue analyses revealed a rapid uptake of each chemical by the earthworms; a steady state was attained within 24 h from commencement of these exposures. Estimated steady-state bioconcentration factors (BCFss; mL/g dry tissue) were 47, 6, and 11 for 4-NAN, 3,5-DNoTAME, and 2-M-5-NPYNE, respectively. These results will contribute to the BCF database being developed for use in models aimed at predicting environmentally significant parameters for new munition compounds in soil. © 2015.Bioconcentration; Earthworms; Munition compounds; Toxicity[SDGs]SDG15journal article10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.11.0082-s2.0-84948809281