天然耐久木材抗腐朽機制之探討

2008-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/706324摘要：木材為生物性的有機高分子材料，由纖維素、半纖維素、木質素與抽出成分等構成，為良好的建築與裝潢材料，自古即為人類所喜愛並廣泛使用，在台灣高溫多濕的氣候下，極易遭受腐朽菌之危害。本計畫之主要目的為瞭解天然耐久木材之抗腐朽機制，擬萃取具有優良耐腐朽性之台灣杉(Taiwania cryptomerioides)及相思樹(Acacia confusa)心材抽出物，評估抽出物與分離部的抗腐朽菌活性(殺菌活性、抗氧化活性或金屬螯合作用)，進行活性化合物的分離與鑑定，篩選出具有殺菌活性、抗氧化活性或金屬螯合作用的分離部與化合物。利用蛋白質體學研究法探討活性成分抑制腐朽菌生長的可能機制，除了傳統殺菌機制，並試圖從抗氧化及金屬螯合作用之角度切入，進行各活性成分對木材天然耐腐朽性影響之探討。後續再將活性分離部或化合物含浸處理低耐久性的試材，評估不同功能(殺菌、抗氧化或金屬螯合作用)化合物於單獨使用及混合使用下，對於低耐久性木材抗腐朽菌能力的改善效果，最後，再利用淋洗試驗評估含浸處理藥劑的穩定性。本計畫若能順利執行完成，將有助於瞭解天然耐久木材之抗腐朽機制，以及天然防腐藥劑之開發與利用。<br> Abstract: Wood, a natural biomaterial, is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and extractives. It has extensively been used as structural and decorative materials for indoor/outdoor constructions because of its aesthetic appearance and easy processing since early civilization. Unprotected wood is susceptible to deterioration by wood-rot fungi due to the warm and humid climate in Taiwan. The main target of the project is to explore the antifungal mechanisms of natural durable wood against wood-rot fungi. Taiwania cryptomerioides and Acacia confusa heartwood, possessing commendable durability, are selected in this study. The antifungal activities of both heartwood extracts and their fractions will be evaluated by agar plate method, and antifungal compounds will also be isolated and identified. Active fractions and compounds with fungicide action, antioxidation or metal chelation are imperative to be clarified. Using proteomics analyses, antifungal mechanisms for natural fungicide, antioxidant or metal chelator are also investigated. Active fractions and compounds separately and their combinations are designated to impregnate into perishable wood blocks. After the soil block tests, the improvement effects on the durability of specimens treated with different functional ingredients, including fungicides, antioxidants, and metal chelators, are investigated. The stability of specimen treated with different ingredients is also evaluated by leaching test. Through this study, it is expected to explore the mechanisms of natural durable wood against fungi and consequently to benefit the development of environmentally benign natural preservatives for wood products in the future.木材耐久性抽出成分腐朽菌&#63856菌活性抗氧化活性&#63754屬螯合作用WoodDurabilityExtractivesFungiFungicidal activityAntioxidant activityMetal chelation天然耐久木材抗腐朽機制之探討