張尊國臺灣大學：生物環境系統工程學研究所鄭百佑Cheng, Bai-YouBai-YouCheng2007-11-272018-06-292007-11-272018-06-292006http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/55997利用有限混合分佈模式(Finite Mixture Model, FMM)區別彰化地區東西二圳、三圳系統灌區裡污染來源的特徵，結果顯示本方法對於特性的掌握較以往方法或經驗更具有意義，而以Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn四種重金屬為例，區分的污染來源特徵分別為點狀污染源、帶狀污染源及正常區域。 結合移動視窗迴歸法(Moving Window Regression, MWR)與FMM之優點，可將台灣地區(大樣區)土壤之As含量區分為三群以做為區域背景值評估的依據。另外解析彰化地區(小區域)二種不同採樣尺度資料之差異成因，結果顯示不同採樣尺度之As含量經過尺度換轉之後差異不大，僅有彰化南興里、南美里、平和里南端農地之差異較大，原因為農地引灌了受污染的水源所造成。 本文建議之污染場址改善驗收準則包含四個部分，第一：任何一個驗證樣本之濃度均需低於管制標準值，第二：採樣結果之累積機率97.5%對應之濃度值需低於管制標準值，第三：採樣結果之累積機率50%對應之濃度值需低於監測標準值，第四：改善整治工程之均勻度指標值需小於2。Finite Mixture Model (FMM) was used to analyze the characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution source around the 2nd and 3rd East-West irrigation systems in Chang-Hua County. The result shown that this method is more effective than other methods used before when dealing with the pollution source identification. And three statuses can be classified as point pollution, diffused pollution and normal region. Combining Moving Windows Regression (MWR) with FMM, the soil As content in Taiwan can be divided into three categories area, this may reflects the soil formed from different mother rocks. Besides, we use upscaling method to describe two different sampling scales in Chang-Hua. The result shows that As concentration in two scale are about the same in the whole study field, except in Nan-Shin village, Nan-May village and ping-He village. The different is caused by the polluted irrigation water. The guideline for Verifying the attainment of Soil Remediation for heavy metal contaminated site includes four parameters: first, the concentration of every sample should be less than the control standard; second, the concentration of 97.5% probability of cumulative curve should not exceed the control standard; third, the median concentration of sampling should be below the monitoring standard; and fourth, the indicator of evenness for the remediation works should be less than two. In comparison with traditional methods, our proposed guideline is shown to be effective in verifying remediation results.目錄 頁次 中文摘要 英文摘要 目錄.....................................................................................................................i 圖目錄................................................................................................................iii 表目錄..............................................................................................................vii 符號說明..........................................................................................................viii 第一篇 基本理論方法與背景介紹 第一章 緒論.......................................................................................................1 1-1 研究動機..............................................................................................1 1-2 研究目的..............................................................................................4 1-3 研究流程..............................................................................................5 第二章 文獻回顧...............................................................................................7 2-1 重金屬在土壤中之行為與存在型態..................................................7 2-2 污染農地可能污染來源及傳輸途徑................................................10 2-3 農地土壤重金屬調查概述................................................................14 2-4 國內外重金屬整治標準比較............................................................16 2-5 地理統計............................................................................................18 2-6 有限混合分佈理論............................................................................21 第三章 地理統計方法與有限混合分佈模式之原理.....................................25 3-1 地理統計法方法之一般克利金法....................................................25 3-2 有限混合分佈理論............................................................................26 3-2-1 有限混合分佈模式.....................................................................27 3-2-2 誤判機率與區分值.....................................................................31 第二篇 有限混合分佈理論運用於污染特性之分類 第四章 運用有限混合分佈模式於土壤重金屬空間變異之分析.................35 4-1 前言………………………………………………............................35 4-2 研究步驟與材料…………………………………………….……...36 4-3 結果與討論…………………………………………........................38 4-3-1 混合分佈與污染區特性區分值界定……….............................38 4-3-2 濃度分佈推估與法規管制地分佈……….................................42 4-3-3 配合地理環境資料與彩色航空照片進行變異解釋…….........52 4-3-4 運用GIS-Buffer分析進行空間變異解釋………….................56 4-4 小結……………………………………………................................58 第五章 結合有限混合分布模式與移動視窗迴歸法探討台灣地區土壤砷背景濃度之分布....................................................................................59 5-1 前言………………………………....................................................59 5-2 研究步驟與材料……………………………………….…………...62 5-3 結果與討論……………………………………................................65 5-3-1移動視窗法資料重建……………………..................................65 5-3-2移動視窗迴歸法…………………..............................................67 5-3-3有限混合分佈模式……………………………..........................70 5-3-4區域背景值的評估………….………….....................................73 5-3-5區域背景值與土壤質地關係…………………………..............75 5-4 小結……………………………………………………………........81 第六章 空間尺度轉換於彰化地區土壤重金屬污染空間分析….........…....83 6-1 前言………………………………………………………….……...83 6-2 研究方法與材料…………………………………………….……...84 6-3 結果與討論………………………………….………………...........90 6-3-1 彰化S1與P統計比較……………………................................90 6-3-2 彰化S1與P採樣尺度比較…………………………...............93 6-3-3 空間相關性-半變異分析…………………………...................98 6-3-4 移動視窗迴歸法…………………………...............................102 6-3-5 空間資訊套疊分析…………………………...........................107 6-4 小結………………………………………………………………..109 第三篇 土壤污染復育驗收方法準則之建議 第七章 土壤污染整治改善驗證準則之探討...............................................111 7-1 前言..................................................................................................111 7-2 研究方法與材料..............................................................................113 7-3 結果與討論......................................................................................120 7-3-1改善工程之驗收準則建議………………………....................120 7-3-2案例試算…………………………………………....................122 7-3-3整治改善成效之討論……………………………....................127 7-4 小結..................................................................................................128 第八章 總結論與建議……………………………………………….……..131 參考文獻.........................................................................................................1334016407 bytesapplication/pdfen-US土壤重金屬有限混合分佈模式移動視窗迴歸法復育驗收準則地理統計地理資訊系統空間尺度轉換Soilheavy metalFinite Mixture ModelMoving Windows RegressionRemediationVerification methodGeostatisticsGeographic Information SystemsUpscaling.thesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/55997/1/ntu-95-D91622007-1.pdf