吳文中臺灣大學：工程科學及海洋工程學研究所蔡育根Choi, Iok-KanIok-KanChoi2007-11-262018-06-282007-11-262018-06-282007http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/51115本論文主要目的在於開發適用於無線感測器網路的定位晶片和分析定位功能於現有硬體架構下之可行性，首先本論文中將介紹各種定位方法如TDOA、TOA和AOA等等，最終以量測無線電訊號於空氣中傳播之時間間隔作為定位架構的基本參數，並試著針對本實驗室無線感測器網路的架構尋找適合的定位方式，並進行初步的測試。 於量測訊號的傳播時間方面，為了未來可讓本實驗室無線感測器網路能邁入System On Chip(SOC)的階段，本論文實作定位晶片並利用傳統的Nutt method的概念以數位方式設計測時電路，並利用台積電(TSMC)的.35製程製作晶片，相較於類比方式的設計具有更小的面積，並擁有3ns以內的量測誤差，操作時脈最低為50MHz，可望日後能整合RF收發器及微控制器，達到SOC化的效果。 最後本論文亦嘗試進行定位架構驗證，先利用現有的微控制器和RF收發器搭配測時晶片作系統化的定位設計，並為微控制器撰寫控制程式來控制測時晶片，將測時結果透過RS232介面傳送給後端電腦作分析。由於應用於本文中的定位方式可克服大部份由硬體所產生的訊號延遲時間，因此可將定位誤差值降低。The main thrust of this dissertation is to develop the Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) of location identification for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and to analyze the capability of location identification in existing hardware. Beside, this thesis will discuss a number of the location identification methods, such as TDOA, TOA and AOA, etc. By utilizing the time interval of propagating signal as my basic location identification parameter, this thesis examines the suitable location identification methodology based on the Wireless Sensor Network configuration developed within NTU. Some preliminary tests were performed to verify the performance of the newly developed system. To implement Wireless Sensor Network in a System On Chip configuration, this thesis utilizes the digital concept of the classical Nutt method to measure the time interval of propagating signal. This newly designed ASIC was then fabricated by the .35um CMOS process of TSMC. The location identification ASIC has smaller size than that of the design based on analog method and was found to have resolution better than 1 meter when operating the clock at minimum 50MHz. The location identification ASIC is expected to be integrated further with the RF transceiver and micro-controller on a chip in the future. Finally, the performance of the newly developed location identification ASIC was verified by integrating it with existing RF transceiver and micro-controller to serve as the testbed. Control code for the micro-controller was developed to access the measurement result obtained, which was transmitted to the control center by using serial RS232 interface. Because the location identification method developed within the Wireless Sensor Network can overcome most of the hardware delay, the error of time interval was significantly reduced.謝誌 i 中文摘要 ii Abstract iii 目錄 v 表格目錄 ix 圖目錄 x 第1章 緒論 1 1.1. 研究背景與動機 1 1.2. 各章節介紹 6 第2章 無線感測器網路 7 2.1. 無線感測器網路架構 7 2.1.1. 硬體 8 2.1.2. 韌體 10 2.1.3. 連網型嵌入式系統 10 第3章 定位技術 12 3.1. 定位服務 12 3.1.1. 紅外線(Infra-red) 12 3.1.2. 全球定位系統(GPS) 13 3.1.3. 超音波定位(Ultrasonic Positioning ) 14 3.2. 基本定位參數與原則 15 3.2.1. 抵達時間(TOA ) 15 3.2.2. 抵達時間差(TDOA) 17 3.2.3. 訊號強度測距(SSR) 18 3.2.4. 抵達角度AOA 20 3.3. 定位技術 23 3.3.1. 接收訊號強度定位法 23 3.3.2. 入射角度的定位法 23 3.3.3. 到達時間定位法 25 3.3.4. 到達時間差定位法 27 3.4. 定位法選擇 31 第4章 定位晶片 32 4.1. 時間間隔量測方法 32 4.2. 定位晶片設計與製造 37 4.3. 晶片測量 44 4.3.1. 測試結論 48 第5章 定位實驗 49 5.1. 測試硬體架構 49 5.1.1. 運作過程 54 5.2. 定位方式 54 5.3. 硬體延遲時間測試 58 5.3.1. 小結 63 5.4. 定位實測 64 5.4.1. 小結 68 5.5. 接收機延遲時間量測 69 5.5.1. 上升時間量測 69 5.5.1.1. 小結 75 5.5.2. Jitter量測 75 5.6. 無線測距 78 5.6.1. 小結 83 第6章 結論及未來展望 84 參考文獻 85 附錄 882965902 bytesapplication/pdfen-US定位晶片多重路徑抵達時間抵達時間差訊路強度測距抵達角度Location Identification ASICmulti-pathTime of ArrivalTime Difference of ArrivalSignal Strength RangingAngle of Arrivalthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/51115/1/ntu-96-R94525042-1.pdf