國立臺灣大學政治學系Department of Political Science, National Taiwan University許慶復Hsu, C.F.C.F.Hsu2017-09-082018-06-282017-09-082018-06-281990-03http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/281783自一九七○年代開始，公共行政領域內的學者及從業人員，便發展出許多具有不同意涵的概念。例如，「財政壓力」(Fiscal stress)，指的是因公共資源的過度消耗所引起的問題；「精簡管理」(Cutback management)，表示市政府一方面要減縮人事、設備和稅收，一方面又要維持服務的功能和品質所面臨的兩難困境；「節流」(Retrenchment)，表示在公共部門將採取一種較多的限制，不再強調都市人口、稅收、政府部門、以及各項服務的擴大；「開源」(Revenue enhancement)則是較晚近所提出的一種看法，表示經由增加市民稅收、使用費、證照許可費等方式，以幫助解決政府預算的困境。諸如此類，這些概念顯示出一九七○年至一九八○年代間，市政府及其它公共部門所面臨的艱困。在這段期間，另一個引起學者及從業人員興趣的概念，便是合產(Co-production)。雖然現有文獻對此一概念有不同的定義，但一般均認為它是指由市政府與民間部門共同進行市政勞務或財貨的生產。合產模式的產生，係對傳統市政運作的一大修正，過去市政府為市政服務的唯一生產者，在合產模式的運用下，民間團體與市政府成為市政服務的共同生產者。與前述的一些概念不同，合產概念引起相當的重視。許多論述都認為這個模式可以減輕政府負擔，提高市政效率，並且有助於滿足市民的需求。本文的目的，在於介紹此一新概念，並試圖對此一都市行政新模式加以評估，以檢視合產模式應用於市政建設的可行性。In the 1970’s, and 1980’s the fiscal adversity many urban governments facing has become a well-recognized problem by both scholars and practitioners. As a result, various concepts have been developed within the field of public administration to provide academic point of view of describing and resolving this hard realities. To mention a few, “fiscal stress” refers to problems of over-expanded public resources. “Cutback management” denotes the dilemma of many urban governments attempting to maintain service functions and levels at the same time cutback expenses and revenues, “Retrenchment” represents the viewpoint of a more limited role of urban government by holding the expansion of population, tax base, government and services, “Revenue enhancement”, on the other hand, is a euphemism for increases in citizen taxes, users’ fees, licensing arrangement in other to promote budgets augmentation. During the same period, the concept of “coproduction” has caught many researchers attention in the same field. Despite various definitions appeared in the literature, the basic theoretical foundation of coproduction was laid on the involvement of citizen in the joint provision of municipal services. The theoretical model is quite an important innovation and revision to the conventional operation of municipal services. According to the model, government is no longer the sole producer of public goods and services. In contrast to the afore mentioned concepts, coproduction has evoked a much more positive and active response, for reducing the fiscal burden from government, promoting efficiency of services provision as well as meeting with the demand of citizens. Realizing the same fiscal difficulties now local government have in this country, it is the author’s original purpose to apply the coproduction theory to study this policy problem. The structure of this article is first to review the situation of citizen participation in municipal construction, then the feasibility of applying coproduction model into this country’s municipal services is evaluated.[SDGs]SDG11journal article