Verma M.S.Wei S.-C.Rogowski J.L.Tsuji J.M.Chen P.Z.Lin C.-W.Jones L.Gu F.X.2019-07-152019-07-1520169565663https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963936276&doi=10.1016%2fj.bios.2016.04.024&partnerID=40&md5=167e76ce1afd1e058bf471392bdee5a2https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/413669Rapid and portable diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria can save lives lost from infectious diseases. Biosensors based on a "chemical nose" approach are attracting interest because they are versatile but the governing interactions between bacteria and the biosensors are poorly understood. Here, we use a "chemical nose" biosensor based on gold nanoparticles to explore the role of extracellular polymeric substances in bacteria-nanoparticle interactions. We employ simulations using Maxwell-Garnett theory to show how the type and extent of aggregation of nanoparticles influence their colorimetric response to bacteria. Using eight different species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, we demonstrate that this "chemical nose" can detect and identify bacteria over two orders of magnitude of concentration (89% accuracy). Additionally, the "chemical nose" differentiates between binary and tertiary mixtures of the three most common hospital-isolated pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100% accuracy). We demonstrate that the complex interactions between nanoparticles and bacterial surface determine the colorimetric response of gold nanoparticles and thus, govern the performance of "chemical nose" biosensors. ? 2016 Elsevier B.V.Colorimetric; Extracellular polymeric substances; Gold nanoparticles; Lipid blots; Modeling; Pathogens[SDGs]SDG3Binary mixtures; Biosensors; Color; Colorimetry; Diagnosis; Escherichia coli; Fiber optic sensors; Gold; Gold compounds; Metal nanoparticles; Models; Nanoparticles; Pathogens; Polymers; Colorimetric; Extra-cellular polymeric substances; Gold Nanoparticles; Gram-negative bacteria; Maxwell-garnett theory; Nanoparticle interaction; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacteria; gold nanoparticle; gold; metal nanoparticle; polymer; Article; bacteriology; bacterium culture; binding affinity; biosensor; centrifugation; chemical nose biosensor; colony forming unit; colorimetry; Escherichia coli; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; hydrophobicity; limit of detection; nonhuman; principal component analysis; protein binding; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; simulation; Staphylococcus aureus; transmission electron microscopy; bacterium; chemistry; cytology; genetic procedures; procedures; ultrastructure; Bacteria; Biosensing Techniques; Colorimetry; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Polymersjournal article10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.024271082542-s2.0-84963936276WOS:000376802300018