2015-08-012024-05-18https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/697216摘要：蝙蝠已知是許多動物傳染病的天然保毒庫，包括狂犬病毒、麗莎病毒、伊波拉病毒、（類）SARS 冠狀病毒群、中東呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒及Barrtonella 屬病菌等皆與蝙蝠有關，但這些微生物如何在蝙蝠族群間散播、存留等研究仍相當缺乏。蝙蝠也是許多外寄生節肢動物的宿主，近期研究已注意到，蝙蝠的吸血性外寄生蟲可能在蝙蝠攜帶的動物傳染病上，扮演著非常關鍵的病媒角色。蝠蠅是蝙蝠特有的外寄生雙翅目昆蟲，且占蝙蝠外寄生蟲類群中的最多物種數，研究已證實其可攜帶與蝙蝠相關的病毒及病菌。蝠蠅的宿主專一性決定了疾病傳播的範圍。蝠蠅普遍具高度宿主專一性，已由野外實際嚴謹調查所獲得；蝠蠅與宿主相對應演化樹的建構，也顯示兩者間有共演化的現象；但這仍無法完整說明高度宿主專一性形成或維繫的主要機制為何，更無法明確瞭解並預期蝠蠅在蝙蝠間傳播疾病的可能性。因此，本研究將利用臺灣編蝠與蝠蠅的寄生系統，借由野外採集與實驗室操作實驗進行相關研究。其目的有二，一為確認、釐清臺灣地區蝠蠅種類、建立臺灣產蝠蠅名錄，以及宿主物種的連結關係；二為釐清蝠蠅高宿主專一性主要的作用機制，並完整評估蝠蠅宿主專一性之程度。 <br> Abstract: Bats are carriers of multiple viral bat-related human pathogens. The lyssaviruses (including rabies), Marburg and Ebola viruses, SARS coronaviruses and SRAS-like CoV, MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) CoV and Borrelia spp. (pathogenic bacteria) have been associated with bats. Most pathogens’s epidemiology of bat are still unknown, but bat ectoparasites potentially being vectors for transmitted diseases. Batflies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) are obligate ectoparasites of bats, and studies indicate it could transmit pathogens between the bats. Host specificity determines the ability of pathogens spread of ectoparasites. Assessment of host specificity need field surveys, molecular scrutiny and transfer experiment (testing host specificity). Generally, results of field (with molecular) surveys suggest very high host specificity among bat flies, and find related groups of flies on host clades (cospeciation). However, still no complete transfer experiment to test host specificity of bat flies, and maintenance mechanism of host specificity still unknown. This study aims: 1) taxonomy of batflies and their host list in Taiwan, and 2) determine host specificity and the mechanism of host specificity of batflies.蛛蠅科蝙蝠蠅科宿主專一性NycteribiidaeStreblidaehost-specificity