Kao CChen CCHIA-HSIANG YANG2022-04-252022-04-25202115498328https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122573321&doi=10.1109%2fTCSI.2021.3135345&partnerID=40&md5=4ec7a11bdfe5f456e2711e1a1df6f26dhttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/606984This paper presents a hybrid precoding processor for millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. The proposed architecture supports 64 antennas with 4-to-8 RF chains, and 4-bit phase resolution for each phase shifter in the analog beamformer. A polar decomposition (PD) engine is designed to achieve a 2.4-to-8.6x lower latency with 1.5-to-1.7x less normalized gate count compared to the singular value decomposition (SVD)-based implementation for the same functionality. Multiplicands are combined to reduce 55% area by utilizing the distributive property. Approximate phase extraction and low-precision multiplication for quantized phase extraction are adopted, which leads to 43% and 41% area reductions, respectively. The proposed hybrid precoding processor is designed in a 40-nm CMOS technology. It delivers a throughput of up to 10,288 kMat/s and consumes 170.9 mW at 278 MHz. It outperforms the state-of-the-art hybrid precoding processors with 5.5-13.7x higher normalized area efficiency and 6.9-38.4x lower normalized energy. IEEEHardwarehybrid precodingintegrated circuits.Matching pursuit algorithmsMillimeter wave (mmWave)MIMO communicationmultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)Optimized production technologyPrecodingRadio frequencyTransceiversCodes (symbols)ExtractionFeedback controlIntegrated circuitsMIMO systemsRadio transceiversSingular value decompositionTelecommunication repeatersTiming circuitsHybrid precodingIntegrated circuit.Millimeter waveMultiple-input multiple-outputMultiple-input multiple-output communicationsRadiofrequenciesMillimeter wavesjournal article10.1109/TCSI.2021.31353452-s2.0-85122573321