周素卿臺灣大學:地理環境資源學研究所沈昌鎮Shen, Chang-ChenChang-ChenShen2007-11-262018-06-282007-11-262018-06-282004http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/54973台北由於日治殖民工業化的特性,在鐵道沿線與當時城市郊區蓄積了許多大規模的傳統工業土地。隨著都市發展與全球化下的區域經濟再結構,傳統製造業關廠外移與追求土地開發利益卻使得勞動體制更不利於勞工的生存。然而,當文化策略在都市再發展的議程中扮演更為重之角色的情形下,卻為台灣的勞工運動開啟了新的契機,使台灣工運從以往專注於物質與經濟層面鬥爭的「經濟主義」,開始轉向意義的詮釋與爭奪的「文化戰爭」。 因此,本文的研究問題是,「文化」在都市再發展的議程中為何扮演愈來愈重要的角色?都市文化議程所開啟的文化戰場如何中介了政府、資本與草根團體等不同的行動者在其中角力協商?而勞工運動又如何能夠從經濟主義轉向文化戰爭? 本文所採取的理論觀點是,動態的政治機會結構對於社運而言有其影響作用,但是這樣的影響是社會情境中隨制關係的偶合,而行動者的施為能力也是動態的發展,其能動性為創造性地挪用多種脈絡下所積累的文化符碼而將其轉化、再發明,並且路徑依賴於施為能力發展的歷史經驗軌跡。 本文首先回顧了台北市都市發展的歷史脈絡,指出90年代後半期,都市文化議程被視為有助於城市行銷、協助資本積累的實現,並可面對市民參與和舊區發展的訴求,因此都市政府在全國政治與財稅結構的限制下,透過各種獎勵措施積極協助資本投入歷史建築與文化設施的修建與經營。在這種趨勢下,儘管此種文化空間的議程仍然具有親成長取向的特性以及主流的多元文化價值論,卻也為工運開啟了新的可能空間。接著指出在台灣自主工運的發展過程中所累積的文化符碼與資源,使得工運產生在文化領域進行鬥爭的新想像,並逐漸具備操作文化政治的施為能力。最後以林紙廠開發計畫為案例,探討工運行動者如何挪用運動所累積的文化符碼與工人文化慣行,動態地與政治機會結構相互動,而展現出詮釋權爭奪之文化政治的運動特質。During the period when Taiwan was colonized and industrialized under the governance of Japan, many traditional industrial districts took place along the railway and the suburban area of Taipei. When highly urban development and regional economic restructuring occurred under the influence of globalization, the closure of factories and the pursuit of the benefit by land exploiting caused labor regime disadvantageous to the labor. In the meanwhile, the circumstance that cultural strategies played a more significant role in the agenda of urban redevelopment than before created a new opportunity for labor movement. It made the traits of labor movement transform from “economism”, which focuses on material and economic affairs, into “culture war”, which makes a lot of contention for meanings and interpretations. The inquiries of this paper are why “culture” has played a more significant role in the agenda of urban redevelopment; how the culture battlefield opened by the urban culture agenda mediates the contention and negotiation of different actors like government, capital and the grassroots; and how the nature of labor movement transformed from economism into culture war. The theoretical framework of this paper is the dynamics of political opportunity structure will effectively influence the development of social movement. This influence is the conjuncture of various contingent factors in the prevailing social conditions. This also has something to do with the dynamics of the actors and their own development. That is the development of agency itself. The momentum of agency comes from their creatively appropriating, transforming, and reinventing the cultural codes accumulated from the past under many contexts. It also comes from the historical trajectories of the agency’s development itself. Based on the above viewpoints, this paper first reviews the social history contexts of the urban redevelopment of Taipei which points out that urban culture agenda was considered to be contributive to the city marketing and capital accumulation in the late 1990s. The urban culture agenda can also be responsive to the requests of citizen participation and old district redevelopment. So the city government actively draws private capital into the repair and management of historical buildings and cultural facilities under the national constraint of political and fiscal structure. Although the cultural-spatial agenda has the characteristics of pro-growth and mainstream cultural pluralism, it also opens a new resistant space for labor movement. Secondly, this paper uses the case study of Shilin Paper Mill [士林紙廠] redevelopment project to see how actors of the labor movement appropriate the accumulated culture codes and labor habitus developed from past labor movements. To a further step, it investigates how these practices dynamically interact with the open political opportunity structures. Finally, this paper tries to specify the emerging significance of cultural politics in labor movement nowadays.第一章 緒論:消逝的廠煙………………………………………….1 緣起………………………………………………………..…………………..1 第一節 現象觀察與問題意識…………………………..…………………..3 一、都市再發展與文化議程的興起………………………………………..3 二、勞工運動的文化轉向…………………………………………………..6 第二節 理論回顧…………………………………………………………..10 一、從社運理論開始:政治機會的轉變與社運的轉型…………………10 二、人文地理學的引入:都市轉型作為政治機會結構…………………17 三、本文的理論假說………………………………………………………26 第三節 研究問題…………………………………………………………28 第四節 研究設計…………………………………………………………29 一、研究對象選擇…………………………………………………………29 二、研究方法………………………………………………………………31 第二章 靠「文化」!文化成為政治議程的入場券………………33 第一節 全球經濟與區域再結構下的台北都會區………………………34 第二節 都市再發展與都市治理的轉變…………………………………36 一、都市更新措施的制度化………………………………………………36 二、政經轉型催逼下都市再發展政策的施展……………………………39 第三節 本土化與歷史保存的影響與挪用………………………………43 一、國族文化遺產的復古保存……………………………………………43 二、發展掛帥的衝擊與保存的制度化……………………………………44 三、國族認同的危機與本土化運動………………………………………44 四、歷史文化保存與都市發展的接軌……………………………………46 第四節 都市文化議程下的傳統工業用地………………………………..51 第五節 小結:以文化之名…………………………………………………54 第三章 工人搞文化:台灣工運發展的歷史脈絡………………...57 第一節 戰後台灣勞工運動的開端………………………………………..58 一、台灣工運開展的社會基礎……………………………………………58 二、高度「政治化」的工運性格……………………………………………59 第二節 工運抗爭文化形式的發展………………………………………..60 第三節 工運人士進入政府部門…………………………………………..64 第四節 小結:夾縫中的勞動文化…………………………………………68 第四章 這不是煙囪!士紙勞動文化園區的案例討論………….71 第一節 都是為了工作權:文化議題作為刁難方式………………………72 第二節 誰殺了老煙囪:文化保存考量媒體效果…………………………79 第三節 你看!我的歷史唔八張咧:勞動文化作為詮釋權的爭奪………82 第四節 文化戰爭…………………………………………………………..87 一、公園:「公共的」公園 VS 勞動文化的公園…………………………87 二、文化:產業遺產 VS 勞動文化………………………………………88 第五章 結論……………………………………………………….93 第一節 台北都市文化議程的特殊性……………………………………95 一、勞動體制與社會福利制度的不同……………………………………96 二、文化政治化的脈絡不同………………………………………………97 第二節 工運的新契機與限制……………………………………………98 一、介入產業遺產的歷史書寫……………………………………………98 二、介入勞工的認同問題………………………………………………..100 參考文獻…………………………………………………………...103 附錄:士林紙廠土地開發與勞工運動剪報大事記……………….1101161280 bytesapplication/pdfen-US都市再發展勞工運動文化政治政治機會結構士林紙廠political opportunity structurecultural politicsurban redevelopmentShilin Paper Milllabor movement[SDGs]SDG11從經濟主義到文化戰爭:舊工業區土地更新下的勞工文化運動FROM ECONOMISM TO CULTURE WAR: A Labor Culture Movement Under The Old Industrial Estate Regenerationthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/54973/1/ntu-93-R89228022-1.pdf