2007-04-112024-05-15https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/662432摘要：本計畫希望以三個工作計畫改善梨生產效益與降低生理障礙 1. 寄接梨超密植栽植體系之建立 在彰化縣埤頭鄉明道管理學院以0.5m、1.0m、1.5m、3mX 6m株行距撫育之鳥梨、山楂與橫山梨等三種二年生寄接砧木樹，每株果樹皆於離地樹高100–120cm處定幹，蠟封切接豐水梨，每樹4穗。寄接同時並對砧樹行不同程度修剪，觀察開花物候，授粉效率紀錄與座果率，追蹤果時生長動態，果實成熟測果實糖酸。比較不同砧木對豐水寄接梨生長的影響；並推估其「生產效率」與單位樹幹截面積之適當寄接果數。追蹤樹砧枝梢生長與葉幕增加之動態，評估貯藏養份與當季養分對梨果實生長之影響。比較不同修剪方式(截/疏/放)與留枝量對葉幕增加與果實生長之影響，期以pollarding renewal planting system建立適用台灣平原地區寄接梨果新果園栽培體系。 2. 新雪梨果皮黑變及豐水梨水心症之研究 (1)得知本土'新雪'梨發生果皮黑變之原因及生理機制。 (2)探索貯藏溫度與採收成熟度與'新雪'梨果皮黑變之關係。 (3)闡明梨果表皮黑變與抗氧化與褐化酵素活性變化之關係。 (4)PE袋及二氧化碳對果皮黑變之影響 (5)新雪梨果實生育調查。 (6)得知高接豐水梨果肉水心症水之原因及生理機制。 (7)不同套袋對果實品質及果肉水心症之影響。 (8)貯藏溫度及貯藏期間對果實品質及果肉水心症之影響。 (9)採收成熟度對果實品質及果肉水心症之影響。 3. 分析與比較水平棚架整枝與垣離式整枝梨樹生產過程中，以下數項差異 (1)暸解垣離式梨樹生產季接離之生產效益及其與水平棚架梨樹間之差異。 (2)降低寄接梨生產成本。 (3)提高梨樹經營效益。<br> Abstract: This study include three working projects, the object is to inprovement Taiwan pear production efficiecy and decrease the physiological disorder. 1. Ues super high-desity planting system on transgrafted pear cultivation The pilot orchard was established in Ming-Dao University, Peetou, Chang-hua County, 2003. 168 2-year old pear trees composed of three cultivars ie. Niau Li seedlings, Shan Zhar, and Hengshan Li, planted by 1.5 m in row and 6 m between rows are intended to train as Pollarding trees with 120㎝ trunk in height, and used as treestocks to transgraft the lateral floral bud of Hosui pear in winter for fruit production. The phenology of bud break, and blooming, the performance of fruit-set, fruit growth and yield of Hosui pear will be observed; the renewal vegetative growth, ie. LAI, TCA, and then the yield efficiency of the system will be evaluated in this study. 2.The studies of skin-blackening in Shinsetsu pear and flesh watercore in Hosui pear. A. Understanding the cause and its physiological mechanisms of skin-blackening disorder (superficial scald) in harvested 'Shinsetsu' sand pears. B. Investigating the optimum storage temperature and duration of harvested 'Shinsetsu' sand pear without skin-blackening disorder. C. To focus the cause-effect relationships between the skin-blackening disorder and enzymatic browning. D. The influences of polyethylene bags and carbon dioxide on skin-blackening disorder. E. Investigations of the fruit growth of'Shinsetsu' pear during development. F. Understanding the cause and its physiological mechanisms of flesh watercore in attached and detached 'Hosui' sand pears. G. The effects of the preharvest bagging on fruit quality and flesh watercore in 'Hosui' pear. H. The influences of storage temperature and duration on fruit quality and flesh watercore in 'Hosui' pear. I. The effects of harvest maturity on fruit quality and flesh watercore in 'Hosui' pear. 3. Comparison the production efficacy between vertical trellis training and horizontal trellis training pear tree This project will take three year to compare the production efficiency between horizontal trellis and vertical trellis top-working pear. The works of this project are evaluated the cost and income, yield and fruit quality. After the end of this project, a high efficiency and low cost training system will be proposed.寄接梨無主枝更新修剪超密植體系果皮黑變生理障礙垣籬式transgrafted pear cultivationPollarding renewal training systemsuper high-dencity planting systemfruit skinblackeningphysiological disordervertical trellis