國立臺灣大學哲學系陳鼓應2006-12-202018-05-292006-12-202018-05-292004-04-14http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/2006121215550725In our research on the classical Chinese philosophy in which we have focused on its presentation of philosophical concepts, issues as well as propositions, we have discovered some clues to tackle these subjects more effectively. These are as follows: First, the formation of any philosophical idea often goes under the transformation from the general ideas into philosophical ideas or categories. Second, a term of single character comes earlier than a compound term. Third, an idea can be transformed into a proposition in its development. And four, a philosophical issue which has been implicit, manifests itself outwardly in its process of development. Bearing these in mind, this article attempts to reflect our interpretative methods by means of elucidating the process of the development of the philosophical category of li (priniciple). This article investigates the development of important interpretations from the pre-Qin period to Song dynasty concerning the concept of li. This research has shown that the development of the term can be divided into the following five stages.多年來,我們對中國古典哲學的研究,對於其哲學議題的提出,以及概念與命題的出現,尋找出這樣幾個線索﹕第一、哲學概念之形成,往往由一般觀念而後演變成一哲學概念或範疇﹔第二、複合詞的出現晚於單詞﹔第三、由概念發展為命題﹔第四、哲學議題常是由未顯題化到顯題化的發展。本文主要即透過這幾條線索,嘗試對中國哲學「理」範疇的發展過程作「第二序」的詮釋。 本文在考察先秦至兩宋關於「理」的重要詮釋後,歸結出其中的發展脈絡為﹕(一)在莊子的哲學體系中,「理」首次具有宇宙論的哲學意涵。(二)其後〈說卦〉提出「窮理盡性」一命題,在主客關係架構中,進一步發揮了莊子關於理與性之間的論點。(三)至魏晉時期,在王弼、郭象的詮釋下,理範疇有了更豐富的意涵。王弼重理一,而郭象重分殊,他們思想是程朱理一分殊思想的先導。(四)到了唐代成玄英,在關於「理」的詮釋上,他首次將「理」提升為與道同等階位的最高本體範疇。而將理與性提昇至本體論層次上,則試圖將傳統心性論議題引向本體論中;另外,透過「窮理盡性」之論,則展開物我合一、境智相泯之境。凡此皆為程朱開闢了一嶄新的方向﹔(五)至程朱理學,「理」成為哲學體系的核心。程朱繼承了老莊在道氣問題上的論點,並援引老莊道――德模式,同時直接繼承成玄英理在氣先的理氣關係論,以及「窮理盡性」的理路,試圖由本體之理來證成原始儒家道德學說的普遍有效性。然而程朱因此將人的道德善性予以實然化,而在道德實踐上便著重在如實地體認以及體現人性中的理。這讓程朱以虛明之本心為基礎,展開格物窮理的認識進程,以識得本體之理及人性之理來實現道德行為。 綜觀先秦至兩宋「理」範疇理論模式的發展,主要是以老莊的道論、道與萬物的關係,及其心性論為理論主軸,透過分析「理」內涵的發展,再一次呈現出以道論及道與物的關係為核心理論的道家思想在中國哲學理論體系的建構及發展歷程中具有重要地位。application/pdf557548 bytesapplication/pdfzh-TW老子莊子郭象王弼成玄英程朱理學li (principle)Lao ZiZhuang Zi (Zhou)Guo XiangWang BiChen XuanyingThe Learning of li by Cheng brothers & Zhu Xi「理」範疇理論模式的道家詮釋A Daoist Interpretation of a Theoretical Model on the Category of the Concept of Li (Principle)journal articlehttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/2006121215550725/1/1160018310988504760155.pdf