羅俊雄臺灣大學：土木工程學研究所盧恭君Lu, Kung-ChunKung-ChunLu2007-11-252018-07-092007-11-252018-07-092006http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/50286隨著無線傳輸技術與嵌入式系統的發展，各領域上都有廣泛的應用。無線感應器結合這兩項技術應用在結構物健康診斷上與結構物控制上。無線感應器應用於結構物上是非常便利且經濟的，相較於傳統有線量測系統複雜的訊號線佈線過程及訊號線受環境地形地物的限制，無線量測系統成功的克服這些困難。這個研究將實地應用無線感應器於結構物健康診斷與結構物控制，並且驗證其可行性與性能的表現。 於結構物健康診斷上，一共有兩個案例，首先是國家地震中心二分之ㄧ縮尺的三層樓鋼結構地震反應量測，搭配驗證兩階段的危害度識別方法(Damage Diagnosis Using Time Series Analysis of Vibration Signals)，該方法是Sohn 與 Farrar 於2001年發表的。 第二個案例是戶外微震量測，量測的對象為位於南投縣集集的集鹿橋，該橋樑於九二一集集大地震中受損嚴重，因此希望藉由結構物於微震下的反應進一步識別該結構物的特性。該實驗所取得的數據將運用兩個方法來識別該結構物特性。首先利用自回歸(AR)方法求得結構物自然頻率與阻尼比，接著利用頻率域分解(Frequency Domain Decomposition) 分析結構物的振態。 於結構物控制上，共採用了兩種控制方式，集中式控制與分散式控制。該實驗的目的為實際將無線感應器應用於結構物控制上，並且依據結構物控制的需求適度的調整修改無線感應器。將無線技術應用於結構物控制上可以避免複雜的訊號回授系統架設，同時也可以藉由各個微控制器採用分散式的運算方式取代傳統集中於一台伺服電腦運算的方式，這樣的方式可以改善整體集中式控制的可靠度。Wireless sensors have been proposed for use in structural health monitoring systems because they offer low-installation costs and automated data processing functionality. To validate the performance of the proposed WiMMS (wireless modular monitoring system) on the vibration measurement of large-scale civil structures, a three-story half-scale steel structure is instrumented with a wireless monitoring system assembled from a network of six wireless sensors and tested it on a shaking table to ensure the reliability of the data communication. Field application of WiMMS to ambient vibration survey of Gi-Lu cable-stayed bridge is investigated. Finally, the preliminary study on structural control using MR-damper through WiMMS is also presented. There are five chapters in this report. The Chapter1 includes the overview of this research and introduction. In Chapter2, a detail introduction of wireless sensing unit is discussed. In Chapter3, it is focus on integrating the wireless sensing unit with traditional sensing system. There are two experiments in this chapter, the health monitoring of benchmark 3F steel structure and the ambient vibration measuring on Gi-Lu Bridge. Chapter4 includes the applying wireless sensing unit on structure control. In this chapter, a new action board is designed for structure control and new embedded software is designed for centralized control and decentralized control. Finally, Chapter5 is the conclusion of this research. It includes the results of applying wireless technology of civil engineering and the future work of this research.CONTENTS ABSTRACT（In Chinese）………………………....................II ABSTRACT（In English）…………………………………III CONTENTS………………………………………………….IV LIST OF TABLES………………………………………….VIII LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………….…IX Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1. Motivation……………………………………………....1 1.2. Literature Review……………………………………….2 1.3. Overview of Wireless Sensing Unit……………………..3 1.4. Objective and Scope……………………………………..5 Chapter 2. Introduction to Wireless Sensing Unit 2.1. Hardware Introduction…………………………………...7 2.1.1. WiMMS system. 2.1.1.1. Microcontroller 2.1.1.2. External SRAM 2.1.1.3. Analog to Digital converter (ADC) 2.1.1.4. Wireless communication module (MaxStream) 2.1.1.5. Antenna (D-Link) 2.1.2. Sensor Introduction 2.1.2.1. Crossbow accelerometer 2.1.2.2. Setra accelerometer (NCREE) 2.1.2.3. VSE-15D velocity meter for ambient measurement 2.1.2.4. Strain gage 2.1.3. Signal Converter 2.1.3.1. Circuit Design and Simulation(OP400 base) 2.1.3.2. Circuit Design and Simulation (INA159 base) 2.2. Software Introduction…………………………………..22 2.2.1. CygWin(Unix base) Sever software 2.2.1.1. Introduction to CygWin 2.2.1.2. Sever Code Frame 2.2.2. Introduction to Programming Tool of Embedded system 2.2.2.1. Introduction to Image Craft Compiler for AVR (ICCAVR) 2.2.2.2. Introduction to development tool (STK300 with JTAGEAVR ICE) 2.2.2.3. Introduction to AVRISP (In-Circuit-Programmer) 2.2.2.4. Introduction to AVR Studio 4 2.2.3. Embedded Code of AVR microcontroller 2.2.3.1. Software Modules 2.2.3.2. Application Software Chapter 3. Application of WiMMS to Structure Health Monitoring 3.1. Earthquake Response Measurement of Benchmark three Story Steel Frame………………………………………29 3.1.1. Introduction to Wireless Sensor Installation 3.1.2. Verification of Wireless Signal with wired system of NCREE 3.1.3. Damage Diagnosis Using Time Series Analysis of Vibration Signals 3.1.3.1. Analysis Procedure 3.1.3.2. Results and Discussion 3.2. Ambient vibration measurement of Gi-Lu Bridge……..39 3.2.1. Installation on Gi-Lu Bridge 3.2.2. Verification of Wireless Signal with Traditional Wired Data Acquisition System 3.2.3. Analysis Ambient Vibration Data Based on AR Method. 3.2.3.1. Analysis Procedure 3.2.3.2. Results and Discussion 3.2.4. Analysis Ambient Vibration Data Based on FDD Method. 3.2.4.1. Analysis Procedure 3.2.4.2. Results and Discussion Chapter 4. Application of WiSSCon System (wireless structural sensing and control system) to Structural Control 4.1. Hardware Introduction (WiSSCon System)……………51 4.1.1. Action Board 4.1.1.1. Circuit Design 4.1.1.2. Installation and test with WiSSCS and MR Damper 4.1.2. Concept of Wireless control setup (general) 4.2. Software Introduction…………………………………..58 4.2.1. Sever Software Design 4.2.1.1. Code Frame 4.2.2. Embedded Software Design 4.2.2.1. Code Frame 4.2.2.2. Digital-to-Analog-Converter module 4.2.3. Discussion on Communication 4.3. Control Algorithm………………………………………65 4.3.1. Centralized control 4.3.1.1. Velocity feedback with directly H2 method 4.3.1.2. Acceleration feedback with kalman filter H2 method 4.3.2. Decentralized control 4.3.2.1. Acceleration feedback with the Kalman estimator using H2 theory 4.3.3. Mathematical model of MR Damper 4.3.3.1. Inverse dynamic model for MR damper (Bouc-Wen) 4.3.3.2. Inverse dynamic model with interpolation 4.4. Design of On Line Monitoring Software (LabVIEW)…71 4.4.1. Introduction to LabVIEW 4.4.2. Hardware Requirements and Interfacing 4.4.3. Software Design 4.4.3.1. Programming Code Frame 4.4.3.2. Functions and User Define Subroutine 4.5. Comparison on Control Results………………………...74 4.5.1. Verification Wireless signal 4.5.1.1. Check the Real Time Wireless Feedback Results 4.5.1.2. Compare the Different Between Wireless and Wired System (different sampling rate) 4.5.1.3. Discuss the Control Effect between WiSSCon and DSpace system Chapter 5. Conclusions……………………………….………80 REFERENCE………………………………………………...85 APPENDIX A………………………………………………...87 APPENDIX B………………………………………………...96 APPENDIX C……………………………………………….10015650258 bytesapplication/pdfen-US結構物健康診斷控制無線傳輸health monitoringstructure controlwireless communicationthesishttp://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/50286/1/ntu-95-R92521247-1.pdf