FU-LING YANGChen, Guan-RuiGuan-RuiChenChu, Cheng-ChengCheng-ChengChu2026-01-152026-01-152025-12-0121016275https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105024425172&origin=resultslisthttps://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/735326This work adopts high-speed imaging analysis to measure the flow dynamics and the force chain properties for steady chute flows of photoelastic circular disks with fast-changing fringe patterns. We adopt the granular kinetic theory to evaluate collision-based stress components while calibrating the fringe-based force chain properties to evaluate the friction-based stress components. The fringe images allow us to define a new penetration band to clarify the spatial extent of pure-collisional and pure-frictional transport and a possible transition in the mid-layer, within which grain rotation is promoted, which may be associated with the breaking of the force network. Superposition of the collision- and the friction-based stress evaluation does not recover the hydrostatic depth profiles, highlighting an unaddressed transport mechanism or deficiency in the measurement technique.trueconference paper10.1051/epjconf/2025340020182-s2.0-105024425172