2019-01-012024-05-17https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/677969摘要：1. 調查國內水資源中農藥殘留情形，與國際上農藥於飲用水中殘留規定比較，同時比對國內外水生非目標生物之毒理規範，評估農藥殘留對於環境的影響。 2. 根據採樣調查的農藥殘留情形與國人每日飲水量，計算農藥於飲水中的每日容許攝取量 (acceptable daily intake, ADI) 與急性參考攝入量 (acute reference dose, ARfD)比較，評估接觸風險與水源上游農業藥劑之管理。 預期重要成果包括，一、學術成就方面 1. 完成調查農業區域之河川水體中農藥於飲用水源中殘留，與國外之殘留值比較。 2. 提供評估農藥施用對國人健康影響所需的資料項目。 二、技術創新方面 由檢出數據進行ADI與ARfD占比分析，並評估人民藉由飲用水所攝入農藥的風險，以此調整農藥的管理。 三、社會貢獻方面 研究成果可供農政單位擬定農藥管理政策時參考，針對飲用水中對國人具有高風險之藥劑進行管控，以減少農藥暴露的風險。<br> Abstract: The fate and persistence of pesticides in the environment are indicators used to evaluate the impact of pesticides on the environment. Only a small part of the pesticides applied to the environment remain in the crop or soil under treatment, and the rest enter various environmental factions such as the atmosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere, and organisms through evaporation, drift, sedimentation, and leaching. Furthermore, pesticides are subject to dissipation, transportation, and transformation through plant absorption, photochemical decomposition, volatilization, surface runoff, soil adsorption, biodegradation, chemical decomposition, and other processes. All countries around the world pay great attention to the fate and residue of pesticides after used. In the United States, pesticide hydrolysis, degradation rate in water and soil, aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in water and soil, dissipation rates in water and soil, and groundwater monitoring are used as indicators in environmental assessments. (https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/cfr-2017-title40-vol26-part158-subpartN.pdf); In addition, EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) focuses on evaluating the impact of pesticides on other non-target aquatic organisms and classifying the Regulatory Acceptable Concentrations (RAC) based on two points: (1) Ecological Threshold Options (ETO) and (2) Ecological Recovery Options (ERO). In addition, OECD defines that if more than 70% of a pesticide degrades within the environment in 28 days, it is defined as biodegradable, while a reside of more than 60% in 60 days indicates that the pesticide may be bioaccumulative. Pesticides with bioaccumulative properties are defined by the following conditions: 1) an octanol/water distribution coefficient (Kow) of greater than or equal to 1,000, 2) a BCF of greater than 100, and 3) a solubility in water of less than 5 mg/L; 4) a hydrolysis rate half-life of greater than 4 days (林,2007).農藥殘留環境毒理評估pesticide residuesenvironmental toxiciologyevaluation