Lin YHWang YCWu MSLu KCLin HYKuo HSChang GDLin CMCHIAO-LONG HSIAO2020-12-302020-12-302020-09https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/536585Life does not sustain without water. For water, there is a natural abundance of stable isotope hydrogen and oxygen. Water molecules get across cell membranes through a plasma membrane protein, named aquaporin. Moreover, the kidney is the main organ to maintain water homeostasis. Here, we study the stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in human blood plasma and erythrocyte corresponding to kidney functions. We extract waters from human plasma and erythrocyte, collected from 110 participants, including 51 clinically stable outpatients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and 59 subjects with normal renal function (NRF). We observed that (i) both extracellular (blood plasma) and intracellular (erythrocyte) biology waters are isotopic differences between the ESRD and NRF participants, (ii) the natural abundance of isotopic waters of ESRD is hypo-isotopic, and (iii) the isotopic enrichment of water between erythrocyte and blood plasma are distinct. In addition, we introduce an empirical formula using entropy transformation to describe isotopic water enrichment for biology. Accordingly, the natural abundance of stable isotope water of blood plasma and erythrocyte may be possibly put in practice a new sign for assessments of kidney dysfunctions. ? 2020 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology[SDGs]SDG3deuterium; oxygen 18; water; hydrogen; oxygen; adult; aged; Article; blood; controlled study; end stage renal disease; entropy; erythrocyte; extracellular fluid; human; human cell; kidney function; major clinical study; mass spectrometry; middle aged; plasma; priority journal; very elderly; adolescent; blood; chronic kidney failure; erythrocyte; female; male; metabolism; Taiwan; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Taiwan; Young Adultjournal article10.1096/fj.202000388RR